AFI ne-SAFI: funda ipheya ngaphambi kwegama lesevisi
I-AFI 25 ne-SAFI 65 akulona isevisi elifanayo ne-AFI 25 ne-SAFI 70. Funda ipheya, bese uhlola ukushintshana kwemindeni, umzila kanye nomphumela wokudlulisela.
Ungabona isikhathi sesoka sikhuphuka, ubone umzila uvela, futhi usafunda isevisi engalungile. Ipheya lezinombolo ekuqaleni kwesimemezelo ngasinye, isihlonzi somndeni wekheli kanye nesihlonzi somndeni wekheli olandelayo, kunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-parser efunda umthwalo nokuthi iyiphi ithebula egcina umphumela. Uma wehluleka ipheya, inqubomgomo yokungenisa, ukufana kwethagethi yomzila kanye nokucinga kwegxathu elilandelayo konke kusebenza ngokumelene nesakhiwo okungekho owakumemezelayo. Uhambo olungezansi luqala kuleyo pheya futhi luphelela kumphumela wokudlulisela.
Izinombolo ezimbili zinquma ukuthi umzila ukuthebula liphi
Ipheya livela kabili: ngaphakathi kwekhono lezinhlelo eziningi, lapho isikhulumi simemezela khona umndeni, naphambi kwayo yonke i-NLRI ethwalwa yilowo mndeni. Lokho likwenza libe yisici somzila hhayi isilungiselelo ebhokisini lomthombo. Abakhiqizi bayiphrinta njengegama elifana ne-Address family VPNv4 Unicast, futhi amazwi ashintsha phakathi kokukhishwa ngenkathi izinombolo zihlala endaweni yazo.
| Where you meet it | Family pair | Boundary of what it proves |
|---|---|---|
| VPNv4 unicast capability on a neighbour | 1 / 128 | the peer will signal labelled VPN-IPv4, nothing about import |
| VPNv6 unicast capability on a neighbour | 2 / 128 | the peer will signal VPN-IPv6, silent about the transport below |
| VPLS NLRI with a VE ID and a label base | 25 / 65 | a pseudowire is signalled, not that a bridge learned a MAC |
| EVPN MAC/IP advertisement route | 25 / 70 | a binding is advertised, not that the host answers |
Amakhodi amane amboza cishe zonke izimo zebhizinisi: 1 no-128 we-VPN-IPv4 enelebula le-MPLS, 2 no-128 we-IPv6 efanayo, 25 no-65 we-VPLS esayinwe nge-BGP, kanye no-25 no-70 we-EVPN. Iphutha lokuqala ukucabanga ukuthi yonke isevisi ye-Layer 2 ingemuva kuka-25 no-65, okufihla i-EVPN. Lesibili ukuthatha imindeni emibili ye-IP njengomndeni owodwa onekheli elide, kuyilapho kuxoxiswana ngayo ngokwehlukana futhi ingamukelwa kuma-peer ahlukene. Lesithathu livela lapho ithempulethi ikopishwa kusuka kukhisho elazi eyodwa kuphela. Ukubheka kurejista kuxazulula konke kuthathu ngokushesha kunokuqagela okwakhiwe egameni lesevisi.
Thatha imigqa emine njengezibonelo ezivela kurejista ye-IANA, hhayi irejista ngokwayo. Uma inombolo ingafani nanoma yini eyaziwayo, yibheke ngaphambi kokwakha inqubomgomo eduze kwayo.
I-AFI 25 ithwala amafomethi amabili e-NLRI angahlobene
Yomibili imindeni ye-Layer 2 ihlezi ngaphansi kwe-AFI 25, futhi ukufana kuphela lapho. I-NLRI ye-VPLS ku-RFC 4761 section 3.2.2 ithwala ubude, isihlukanisi somzila, i-VE ID, ukususwa kwebhulokhi ye-VE, usayizi webhulokhi ye-VE kanye nesisekelo selebula, okuhlangene kuqamba iphoyinti lokugcina le-pseudowire nelebula layo. I-EVPN igcina i-AFI 25 futhi idlulela ku-SAFI 70, lapho umthwalo uhlobo lomzila: ukutholakala okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Ethernet, isimemezelo se-MAC/IP, i-multicast ehlanganisayo, ingxenye ye-Ethernet, isandulela se-IP. Ngakho-ke ukususwa kwebhayithi elifanayo kusho izinto ezahlukene emindenini emibili. I-parser ebhalelwe owodwa ifunda omunye ngaphandle kwesikhalazo futhi ikhipha ubuwula. Ipheya yisixwayiso kuphela sokuthi incazelo ayilungile.
Inkambu esho ukususwa kwebhulokhi ye-VE kumndeni owodwa ayinakulingana komunye, futhi umzila wesimemezelo se-MAC/IP ukhona kuphela ku-EVPN. Ukucaphuna isici njengokungathi sisebenza kuwomabili yikho okwenza ukubuyekezwa kokuthwebula kungahambi kahle.
Uma othile ekunikeza ukuthwebula noma ithebula lomkhiqizi, buza ukuthi isici singesiphi isigaba. Bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okwamukelayo kusekela lowo mndeni, hhayi igama lesevisi elikusheeti yedatha. Amapulatifomu amabili angafaka isicelo sokusekelwa kwe-VPLS kuyilapho esebenzisa imindeni ye-signali ehlukene. Ipheya liyahlukanisa; ilebula lomkhiqizo alihlukanisi.
Umndeni wekheli wesikhathi uqobo umbuzo ohlukile
I-VPN-IPv6 imenyezelwa ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi esixhumo se-TCP saso esihamba phezu kwe-IPv4, futhi lokho kuwumklamo osekelwe, hhayi iphutha. Ngakho-ke ukufunda isifinyezo sesikhathi kuphela akusho lutho mayelana nokuthi imiphi imindeni ye-VPN ehlanganyelwa ama-peer.
Umndeni we-NLRI, umndeni wokuthutha kanye nomndeni wokudlulisela yizinqumo ezintathu ezizimele. Umzila ungakhuluma i-IPv4 nge-peer yayo, wamukele ukufinyeleleka kwe-VPN-IPv6, futhi ufake umzila ogxathu lwayo elilandelayo okuyikheli le-IPv6 elifinyeleleka ngendlela obungayihlosile. Isendlalelo ngasinye sidinga ukuqinisekiswa kwaso. Amasayithi abika izindawo ze-IPv6 ezingafinyeleleki kuyilapho izimemezelo zibonakala zilungile ngokuvamile alahlekelwe ukuxazululwa kwegxathu elilandelayo, hhayi ukuxoxisana kwemindeni.
Hlola umndeni wekheli wesikhathi ngokwahlukana, bese imindeni esiyithwalayo, bese lokho umongo ongakudlulisela. Ukugcina lezi zintathu zihlukene kuvimbela ukuxilongwa okungalungile okuvamile lapho isimemezelo esilungile sifundwa njengobufakazi bokuthi i-IPv6 isebenza kusukela ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni. Kufakazela kuphela ukuthi i-peer eyodwa yatshela enye mayelana nesandulela.
Kuxoxiwe, kwamukelwa, kungeniswa, kufakwa
Kumzila owodwa olindelekile, izimo ezine kufanele zibambe ngokulandelana, futhi ngasinye siyabonakala. Umndeni kufanele uxoxiwe naleyo peer, umzila kufanele ufike, ithagethi yomzila kufanele iwungenise kumongo ohlosiwe, futhi igxathu elilandelayo kufanele lixazululeke ukuze umzila ufakwe. Ukweqa isimo sokuqala kwenza ezinye ezintathu zingaphenduleki, ngoba umndeni ongaxoxwanga awukhiqizi imizila okufanele ihlolwe. Kumapulatifomu esitayela se-Cisco, izifinyezo zemindeni namakhono nge-peer ngayinye yimiyalo ehlukene.
show bgp all summary
show bgp vpnv4 unicast all summary
show bgp l2vpn evpn summary
show bgp neighbors <peer-address> | include Address familyUkuxoxisana kubonakala ekushintshaneni kwamakhono okuphrintwa nge-peer ngayinye, futhi isikhathi esimisiwe esingenalo noma yimuphi umndeni esohlwini asithwali lutho kulokho okukucelile. Ukungenisa kunqunywa amathagethi omzila athwalwa njengemiphakathi enwetshiwe, ngakho ipheya elilungile elinethagethi ebhalwe ngokungalungile lishiya ithebula lingenalutho. Ukufaka bese kuncika ekuxazululweni kwegxathu elilandelayo kumongo wokwamukela, okungahluleka kuyilapho zonke izimemezelo zibonakala ziphelele.
Qinisekisa indiza yedatha ekugcineni, ngoba umzila osethebuleni isimemezelo, hhayi ukulethwa. Lezo zimo ezine zisebenza kumndeni ngamunye; kushintsha imiyalo namagama ethebula kuphela.
Lokho ipheya lemindeni elingasoze likufakazele
Ukufunda ipheya ngendlela efanele kukutshela ukuthi utolika kanjani imininingwane yomzila elandelayo, futhi lowo umbiko wonke. Akusho lutho mayelana nokufinyeleleka, inqubomgomo noma impilo yendiza yedatha. Ukuhlanganisa kokubili kukhiqiza izitatimende eziqinile mayelana nenethiwekhi okungekho oyiqinisekisile. Ukungafani kwethagethi yomzila kanye negxathu elilandelayo eliphukile kubonakala kufana uma ubheka ipheya kuphela. Ipheya liyisiyalo sokufunda, akusoze kwaba isinqumo.
Uma unyusa izinga, faka ipheya, ithagethi yomzila kanye negxathu elilandelayo elixazululiwe kumbhalo ofanayo. Lapho unjiniyela olandelayo enezinto ezintathu ezizimele angazihlola esikhundleni segama lesevisi lokuhumusha kabusha. Uma ukuxoxisana kungekho bakubona ngokushesha, ithagethi engalungile ishiya ukungenisa kungabonakali, futhi igxathu elilandelayo elingaxazululwanga lishiya umzila ukhona kodwa ungasebenziseki.