Shin TOTP a kwamfutar tafi-da-gida ɗaya da gaske mataki na biyu ne?
Na'urar samar da lambobin sirri a kwamfutar VPN wani matakin mallaka ne da ke cikin iyakar cin zarafi ɗaya. Fara bin iri da zaman.
Shiga cikin abokin ciniki na VPN da ke neman kalmar sirri sannan lamba mai lambobi shida, kuma buƙatu biyu suna kama da shinge biyu masu zaman kansu. Idan aka ƙidaya su bisa nau'in mataki, haka suke: kalmar sirri abu ne da ka sani, lambar kuma abu ne da ka mallaka. Idan aka ƙidaya su bisa abin da kwamfutar tafi-da-gida ɗaya da aka ci zarafinta ke tonowa, suna iya ruɗewa zuwa iyaka ɗaya, domin abin da ka mallaka fayil ne a cikin na'urar da kake bugawa. Bambancin tsakanin waɗannan ƙididdiga biyu shi ne batun wannan bita.
Bi shiga ɗaya daga filin kalmar sirri zuwa akwatin lambar
Duba jerin, ba sunaye ba. Abokin ciniki yana aika kalmar sirri, uwar garke ta amsa cewa ana buƙatar hujja ta biyu, kuma abokin ciniki ya buɗe fili don lambobi shida ko takwas. Bayan wannan fili akwai manhajar samarwa da ke riƙe da wata sirri ta tarayya da agogo. Tana lissafta ƙima daga sirrin da matakin lokaci na yanzu, kuma uwar garke tana sake lissafta wannan ƙimar daga kwafinta na sirrin.
Bangarorin biyu suna riƙe da kayan maɓalli ɗaya. Wannan daidaito shi ne abin da mutane ke tsallakawa lokacin da suke kwatanta lambar a matsayin sirri: mai bayarwa zai iya samar da lambobinka ma, shi ya sa irin ya fi kowace fitarwa ɗaya daraja. Lambar da ta zubo ƙima ce ta lokaci ɗaya; irin da ya same ta takardar shaida ce ta dindindin da ke ci gaba da samar da ƙididdiga masu inganci har sai an maye gurbinta.
Kunnawa shine rabin sauran hanyar. Na'urar da ke buɗewa da lambar sirri ta na'urar, buƙatar nazarin halittu ko kwano da aka rufa, tana gabatar da hujjar mallaka da wani abu dabam. Wadda ke aiki ba tare da rufi ba kuma tana buɗewa da zaman tsarin aiki, tana gabatar da fayil ɗin kawai. Manhaja ɗaya na iya bayar da shirye-shiryen biyu dangane da yadda aka yi rijista, don haka shawarar turawa tana cikin wannan mataki, ba a shafin tallan manhajar ba.
Yanke shawara abin da lambar take tabbatarwa da gaske
Harshen ma'aunai a nan ya bayyana sarai fiye da yadda aka saba, kuma ya cancanci karantawa kai tsaye. Jagorar masu tantancewa ta NIST tana lissafa na'urorin OTP na manhaja a matsayin masu tantancewa, tana bambance OTP mai mataki ɗaya da OTP mai matakai da yawa da ke da matakin kunnawa, kuma tana cewa tantancewar OTP ba ta jure wa zamba ba. Kowace daga waɗannan jumloli uku tana canza abin da za ka iya faɗa game da buƙatar.
Rashin jure wa zamba shi ne kaifi mafi tsanani. Lambar da aka buga a fili ana iya buga ta a filin wani, a cikin lokaci na ainihi, ta mutumin da aka shawo kansa ya yi hakan. Tagar gajera ce, wadda ke rage yawan yunƙurin da ke da amfani amma ba ta rufe dabarar ba. Idan buƙatarka ta haɗa da jure wa hakan, OTP shine tushen da bai dace ba ko da a ina na'urar ke aiki.
Mataki ɗaya da matakai da yawa shine bambanci na biyu. Lambar da ta bayyana ba tare da matakin kunnawa ba tana tabbatar da mallakar fayil kuma ba wani abu ba, kuma fayil ɗin yana da ƙarfi gwargwadon asusun da zai iya karanta shi. Ƙara matakin kunnawa kuma da'awar tana inganta, ko da yake har yanzu tana bayanin hujjar da aka gabatar a lokacin shiga, ba keɓewar na'urar da ke samar da ita ba.
Duba abin da kwamfutar da aka ci zarafinta za ta iya kaiwa
Mai kai hari da ke da damar aiwatar da code a tashar aiki ba ya iyakance ga karanta filin da kake bugawa ba. Zaman da aka kafa bayan shiga mai nasara yawanci token ne ko kuki, kuma ana iya amfani da token daga wata na'ura ba tare da wani lamba ba kwata-kwata. Idan wannan ita ce iyawar da kake karewa, ƙara buƙata ta biyu a lokacin shiga yana canza yawan matakai a harin, ba sakamakon ba.
| Arrangement | What it adds at login | What it leaves inside the laptop boundary |
|---|---|---|
| Password plus TOTP app on the same machine | A possession proof the password alone does not supply | The seed, the unlock step and the authenticated session |
| TOTP app on a separate phone | Seed storage outside the workstation | Session cookies, the typed password and any prompt that can be proxied |
| Hardware key with a signed challenge | A per-login signature bound to the origin | Whatever the browser and the workstation are already trusted to do |
Karanta shafi na uku a matsayin mai gaskiya. Kowace shiri a sama yana barin wani abu cikin iyakar amincewar tashar aiki, domin a nan ake amfani da zaman. Abin da ke canzawa shi ne ko sirrin da ke ɗorewa yana tafiya da wannan iyaka ko yana zama a waje da ita, da ko an ɗaure hujjar da wata asali ta musamman domin shafin kwaikwayo ba zai iya tura ta ba.
Ƙananan bayanai biyu suna cikin hoto ɗaya. Lambar tana nan da inganci a cikin tagar karɓarta, sau da yawa daƙiƙa talatin da haƙuri ga karkatar agogo, don haka ana iya sake kunna ƙimar da aka kama cikin wannan tagar sai dai idan mai tantancewa ya ƙi sake amfani. Kuma shigar da sabuwar na'urar samarwa ba ya kawo ƙarshen zaman da aka riga aka tabbatar, don haka tsohon zaman yana rayuwa fiye da canjin takardar shaidar da ya kamata ya tsare lamarin.
Matsar da na'urar samarwa kawai inda rabuwa ke taimakawa
Sanya na'urar samar da lambobi a waya ingantaccen ci gaba ne ga gazawa ɗaya ta musamman: kwamfutar da aka sace ba ta ɗaukar hujjoji biyu duka kuma. Ba ta yin komai ga sace zaman a kwamfutar, ba ta yin komai ga mai amfani da ke buga lamba a shafin zamba, kuma ba ta yin komai ga lambobin dawo da aka buga sau ɗaya aka kuma ɗauki hotonsu cikin manhajar rubutu.
Don haka rubuta buƙatar kafin ka zaɓi kayan aiki. Idan manufar ita ce ƙarin hujja kan kalmar sirri da ta zubo, faɗi haka a fili, kuma manhajar da ke cikin na'urar ɗaya tana bayar da ita tuni. Idan manufar ita ce jurewa ga cin zarafin tashar aiki ta VPN, ambaci wannan iyawar mai kai hari kuma zaɓi shirin da aka tantance dominta, tare da bayyana buƙatar zamba daban maimakon ɗauka.
Sannan ka kula da rabin aiki, wanda ke yanke shawarar ko wani abu daga ciki zai tsira daga haɗuwa da wani lamari. Asarar na'ura tana buƙatar hanyar maye gurbi da aka rubuta, juyar da takardar shaida tana buƙatar soke zaman da ke aiki, kuma kayan rijista yana buƙatar kariya irin ta irin, domin kwafin rijista mara kariya yana ba mai kai hari irin waɗannan lambobin nan gaba ta hanyar da ta fi guntu. Ƙididdige waɗannan abubuwa huɗu ya fi amfani da jayayya kan ko token na na'ura ɗaya suna da kyau ko marasa amfani.