Kungani i-VPN ku-Mac yakho iwa lapho uxhuma i-iPhone nge-USB

Uxhuma i-iPhone ukuze ishaje, futhi ngemva komzuzu i-VPN ku-Mac yakho iyeka ukudlulisa ithrafikhi. Izilungiselelo Zesistimu zikhombisa isevisi entsha ebizwa nge-iPhone USB, futhi isinyathelo esisobala ukususa. Leso sinyathelo savame ukungalungi. Isevisi ingaba i-Hotspot Yomuntu Siqu yocingo, noma ingaba isixhumanisi esisetshenziswa i-Xcode namathuluzi edivayisi ukukhuluma nocingo, futhi zombili ziziphatha ngendlela ehluke ngokwanele ukuthi ukuhlonza kufanele kuze ngaphambi kokususwa.

Isinyathelo 1: Funda isevisi ocingo eluyidalile ngempela

Vula Izilungiselelo Zesistimu, bese kuba Inethiwekhi, futhi qhathanisa uhlu lwamasevisi nocingo olucishiwe noluxhunyiwe. Ku-macOS yamanje isevisi ibalwe njenge-iPhone USB. Qaphela ukuthi iyasebenza yini, ikuphi ekulandeleni kwamasevisi, nokuthi i-Mac iyisebenzisela umzila ozenzakalelayo yini. Ukulandelana kwamasevisi kubalulekile ngoba i-macOS ikhetha isevisi esebenzayo ephezulu kakhulu engafinyelela indawo, hhayi leyo owazi igama layo.

Umhlahlandlela we-Apple mayelana ne-Hotspot Yomuntu Siqu uchaza indlela: ngesikhathi i-Hotspot Yomuntu Siqu ivuliwe ocingweni, ukuyixhuma nge-USB kungenza i-Mac isebenzise uxhumano lweselula locingo, ngisho noma ubufuna ukushaja kuphela. Lokhu akulona iphutha leklayenti le-VPN; ithebula lemizila lilandela isevisi eyavela ngaphambi kwe-Wi-Fi.

Uma isevisi ikhona kodwa ihlala ingasebenzi nocingo luxhunyiwe, cishe ubona uxhumano lokushaja kuphela noma isixhumanisi sedivayisi, hhayi i-hotspot. Gcina lowo mehluko, ngoba izinyathelo ezimbili ezilandelayo ziyawuhlola esikhundleni sokuqagela ngesithonjana.

Isinyathelo 2: Hlola ukuthi yimuphi umzila osetshenziswa isiphetho se-VPN

Funda umzila oya ekhelini elixazululiwe leseva ye-VPN, hhayi oya kuwebhusayithi. route -n get lifundwa kuphela futhi liprinta isixhumanisi negethiweyi izosebenzisa i-kernel, futhi imigqa yomibili ibalulekile.

scutil --dns | head -20
route -n get 203.0.113.10

Ikheli elingenhla liyisigcwalisi sedokhumenti. Lishintshe ngesiphetho esikhombiswa iklayenti lakho, futhi sebenzisa route -n get -inet6 kwisiphetho se-IPv6. Qhathanisa okukhishiwe nocingo olucishiwe noluxhunyiwe, futhi ungangezi noma ususe imizila phakathi kokufunda okubili. Uma isixhumanisi sishintsha sisuka ku-en0 siya kwisixhumanisi se-iPhone USB, umzila we-hotspot unqobile ekusesheni futhi uxhumano lwangaphandle lwe-VPN manje luhamba kwinethiwekhi yeselula.

Ukushintsha komzila akukuchazi konke ukwehluleka. Iklayenti isengafinyelela iseva bese yehluleka kamuva kuthrafikhi yangaphakathi yomhubhe, ngoba umzila omusha une-MTU ehlukile noma umhlinzeki uvimba iphrothokholi. Funda iphutha leklayenti ngokwalo ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini: isikhathi sokuphela sokuxhawulana kwangaphandle sikhomba ekufinyelelekeni, kuyilapho umhubhe osusungulwe oyeka ukudlulisa ithrafikhi ukhomba ku-MTU, DNS noma inqubomgomo.

Isinyathelo 3: Hlukanisa i-hotspot nesixhumanisi sokuxhumana sedivayisi

I-Xcode 15 nangaphezulu zikhuluma nedivayisi exhunywe nge-USB ngesiteshi esisekelwe kunethiwekhi esihlanganisa i-IPv6 yasendaweni yesixhumanisi, ngakho i-Mac yentuthuko ingakhombisa isixhumanisi esengeziwe esingahlobene nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Inothi lobuchwepheshe le-Apple i-TN3158 libhala leyo ndlela yokuziphatha futhi lixwayisa ukuthi i-VPN noma ukuhlunga kwezokuphepha kungaphazamisa. Lokhu kuphambene nenkinga ye-hotspot: i-VPN ayiphuki ngoba ucingo lunikeza i-inthanethi; uxhumano lwedivayisi luphuka ngoba i-VPN iyalubamba.

Ukubona okubili kwehlukanisa izimo ngaphandle kokubamba amaphakethe. Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi isixhumanisi sinekheli elingahambiswa nomzila ozenzakalelayo, noma linomzila we-fe80:: wasendaweni yesixhumanisi kuphela; okwasendaweni kuphela kusho ukuthi awukho umzila we-inthanethi. Okwesibili, vala i-VPN bese ubona ukuthi i-Xcode ingafinyelela idivayisi futhi yini. Uma ingafinyelela, imizila noma isihlungi sokuqukethwe se-VPN sibamba ithrafikhi yasendaweni yesixhumanisi, futhi ukulungisa kusekucushweni komhubhe ohlukanisiwe noma kwesihlungi, hhayi kuphaneli ye-Inethiwekhi.

ifconfig | grep -A4 -E '^en[0-9]+:'
netstat -rn -f inet6 | head

Ungahluleli ngegama lesixhumanisi kuphela. I-macOS idala futhi ichithe lezi zixhumanisi njengoba amadivayisi exhunywa, futhi inombolo ye-en yabelwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho i-Mac efanayo ingakhombisa inombolo ehlukile ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha noma ukushintsha ikhebula.

Isinyathelo 4: Phinda ukwehluleka ngokuguquguqukayo okukodwa ngesikhathi

Uma usazi ukuthi iyiphi isevisi ehilelekile, phinda inkinga ngokulandelana okumisiwe. Qala nocingo olucishiwe ne-VPN exhunyiwe. Xhuma ucingo nge-Hotspot Yomuntu Siqu ivaliwe, linda uhlu lwe-Inethiwekhi luzinza, bese uphinda umbuzo womzila. Susa, vula i-Hotspot Yomuntu Siqu, xhuma futhi, bese uphinda. Bhala isixhumanisi, igethiweyi nephutha leklayenti kuzo zombili izimo ezintathu, futhi uzoba nokuqhathanisa esikhundleni senkumbulo.

Uma i-VPN yehluleka esimweni se-hotspot kuphela, gcina ucingo kude nalo mzila: vala i-Hotspot Yomuntu Siqu ngesikhathi sokushaja, noma hambisa isevisi ye-iPhone USB ngaphansi kwe-Wi-Fi ekulandeleni kwamasevisi. Uma yehluleka kuzo zonke izimo ezixhunyiwe, kuhlanganise nokuthi i-hotspot ivaliwe, bheka indlela iklayenti elibhekana ngayo nokushintsha kwenethiwekhi. Amanye amaklayenti akhithika umhubhe uma isevisi eyinhloko ishintsha futhi adinga ukuxhuma kabusha; lokho kungukuziphatha kweklayenti, hhayi iphutha locingo.

Shintsha into eyodwa ngomzamo ngamunye. Ukususa isevisi, ukusetha kabusha ukucushwa kwe-VPN nokufaka kabusha iklayenti ngomzuzu ofanayo kukushiya ne-Mac esebenzayo futhi ungazi ukuthi yisiphi isenzo esilungisile.

Isinyathelo 5: Nquma okuzogcinwa nokuzoqinisekiswa

Shiya isixhumanisi sedivayisi. Ukususa isixhumanisi esisetshenziswa i-Xcode akulungisi umzila we-VPN, futhi kuphula ukuthunyelwa emadivayisini kuze kube ukuxhuma okulandelayo. Uma isevisi ye-hotspot ingadingeki ngempela, qala uvala i-Hotspot Yomuntu Siqu ocingweni; lokho kungukulawula okubhaliwe futhi kuhlala ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha.

Uma ususa isevisi, susa leyo oyihlonzile bese uqinisekisa izinto ezimbili: umzila oya esiphethweni se-VPN ubuyele kwisixhumanisi obekulindelekile, futhi umhubhe udlulisa ithrafikhi eya ekhelini langaphakathi, hhayi ku-inthanethi kuphela. Bhala ukulandelana kwamasevisi nenguqulo yeklayenti, ngoba ukubuyekezwa kwe-macOS kungashintsha indlela ucingo olubonakala ngayo.

Bese uhlukanisa ukwehluleka owakubona ngempela. Isikhathi sokuphela sokuxhawulana, ukuma kwe-MTU ngemva kokukhuphuka komhubhe, nezimpendulo ze-DNS ezivela kumhlinzeki yizinkinga ezintathu ezihlukile nezilungiso ezintathu ezihlukile. Isevisi ye-USB iyisicupho kuzo zontathu; ukuba yimbangela kuyivelakancane.