Ukuhlola isimangalo sobumfihlo se-VPN: gcina ubufakazi obuhlala bukhona
Bhala isimangalo, umqaphi kanye nokulungiselelwa ngaphambi kokuba ubheke umphumela. Ukuhlola komzila kukhombisa indlela yokuphuma; akukaze kukhombise lokho umqhubi akugcinayo.
Ukuhlolwa kuqala ngomusho umuntu afuna ukuthi ube yiqiniso, futhi ubufakazi busekela inguqulo emincane yawo noma lutho. Ukuhlolwa kwekheli lomphakathi kukhombisa ukuthi isicelo esisodwa sisebenzise yiphi indlela yokuphuma. Akukhombisi lokho umhlinzeki akugcinayo, ukuthi ubani angakufunda, noma lokho okwenzeka kuseshini engakaze iqedwe. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa njengenqubo ebhaliwe kukuvimbela ekumangaleleni okungaphezu kwalokho umlinganiso ongakuthwala.
Khetha isimangalo esisodwa esibonakalayo
Bhala isimangalo njengomusho owodwa ohlolekayo ngaphambi kokuvula noma yiliphi ithuluzi: kule phrofayela, kule nethiwekhi, izicelo eziya emsindweni wekheli lomphakathi ziphuma ngendlela yokuphuma eshiwo umhlinzeki. Lowo musho ubiza isihloko, umbandela kanye nokuqashelwa, futhi yikho okukwenza kube nokuphikiswa. Isimangalo esifana nokuthi i-VPN ivikela ubumfihlo asinaso isimo esibonakalayo, ngakho akukho mlinganiso onganginquma. Gcina umusho wesibili walokho ukuhlolwa okuzokungakuhlanganisi, ngoba ukugcinwa, ukufinyelela kwabantu besithathu kanye nokuhlobana kwethrafikhi konke kungaphandle kokuhlolwa kwesiphequluli.
Bhala lowo musho wesibili kusengaphambili, hhayi ngemuva kokufika komphumela. Kulula kakhulu ukwethembeka mayelana nobubanzi ngesikhathi umphumela ungakaziwa kunangemuva kokuba isithombe-skrini esiqinisekisayo singene kuthikithi. Inothi lobubanzi elengezwa ngemuva livame ukuchaza umphumela esikhundleni sombuzo.
Amaqiniso okulungiselelwa umfundi awadingayo ukuphinda umlinganiso
Ukulungiselelwa yikho okwenza umphumela uphindwe, futhi yikho abantu abakweqayo lapho impendulo ibukeka kahle. Izintambo zenguqulo, amagama ephrofayela, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela kanye nemindeni yamakheli zingena kunothi, kanye nanoma yimuphi umthetho wokuhlukanisa ithunjana ongase ukhiphe ithrafikhi ethunjini. Bika futhi isigameko esihlolwayo, ngoba ukuxhumana okusebenzayo, ukuphuka okungalindelekile, ukunqanyulwa ngesandla kanye nokudluliswa kwenethiwekhi kusebenzisa imithetho ehlukene. Ukuhlola okuhlanganisa lezo zigameko akufakazi okuningi nganoma yisiphi sazo.
Sebenzisa ithrafikhi engabucayi endaweni osegameni lokuhlola kuyo. Ukubamba amaphakethe angahlobene kwenza irekhodi libukeke njengelobuchwepheshe futhi kwengeza ukuchayeka ngaphandle kokwengeza ubufakazi. Qondisa ukubamba kusixhumi sethunjana kuphela, futhi beka umkhawulo wosayizi wefayela ukuze ukugijima okude kungagcwalisi idiski. Misa ukubamba ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, ukuze ifayela lihambisane nomugqa wokulungiselelwa owubhalile.
Sho ukuthi kwalinganiswa ini nokuthi kusho ukuthini
Rekhoda lokho ithuluzi elikushicilelile kanye nalokho ithuluzi elikubonile. Impendulo yesixazululi, umphumela womsindo wekheli kanye nokusesha komzila kuphendula imibuzo ehlukene, futhi ilebula yendawo ngaphakathi kwekhasi lewebhu iwukuqagela mayelana nesizindalwazi, hhayi iqiniso mayelana nendlela yokuphuma. Bhala umyalo owakha umugqa ngamunye eceleni kwawo, ngoba inani elingenamyalo yalo alikwazi ukuphindwa. Gcina isigxivizo sesikhathi endaweni yesikhathi efanayo nethikithi loshintsho, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulandelana kuzoba kungenakufundeka ngemuva kweviki.
curl -s https://icanhazip.com
curl -s https://ipinfo.io/ip; echo
resolvectl status --no-pager | head -15Izinsizakalo ezimbili zomsindo ezizimele ezivumelanayo zinamandla kuneyodwa, futhi ukungavumelani ngokwako kuwukutholakala okufanele kubhalwe phansi. Umphumela wesixazululi ukhombisa ukuthi i-DNS yalandela ithunjana noma yaqhubeka isebenzisa inethiwekhi yasendaweni, okuyisimangalo esihlukile ekhelini lokuphuma. Gcina umphumela ongalungisiwe kanye nesigxivizo sesikhathi, futhi gcina imiphumela ephikisanayo esikhundleni sesithombe-skrini esiqinisekisa kakhulu. Lapho ushintsho luhambisa umphumela, sebenzisa ukuguquguquka okukodwa ngesikhathi, ngoba ukushintsha iseva nekhasimende ndawonye kukushiya ungakwazi ukusho ukuthi yikuphi okwakubalulekile.
Okungena kurekhodi, nokufanele kususwe
Gcina indlela, umphumela ongewona oyimfihlo kanye nemikhawulo, bese ususa okunye. Amaphrofayela aphethe ubufakazi bokuqinisekisa, amagama asemkhosini angasese kanye nezihlonzi zekhasi akudingeki zihambe nobufakazi, futhi irekhodi lokuhlola eliwachichimayo lilimaze lokho okwakufanele likubonise. Izinkambu ezinhlanu ezingezansi yisimo esifushane kakhulu esisadlula ekunikezelweni.
| Field | What to write |
|---|---|
| Claim | One testable sentence naming the profile, the network and the observation |
| Observer and scope | Who could see the traffic or the record, and under which conditions |
| Setup | Client and server versions, profile name, access network, address families, split-tunnel rules, event under test |
| Raw result | Tool output with a timestamp, exit addresses from both echo services, resolver answer |
| What it does not support | Retention, third-party access, correlation, untested address families |
Namathisela isitatimende senqubomgomo osiqhathanisayo, kanye nosuku lwaso kanye nobubanzi baso. RFC 6973 kubeka uhlaka lokuhlaziywa kobumfihlo mayelana nabaqaphi abashiwo kanye nobubanzi obuchaziwe, futhi lolo hlaka lufanele irekhodi lokuhlola: ubani owayengabuka ini, ngaphansi kweziphi izimo, futhi yiziphi izingxenye ezasala zingahloliwe.
Qeda ngendima eyodwa esho ukuthi ubufakazi busekela ini futhi bungasekeli ini. Leyo ndima iwumphumela, futhi konke okungaphezulu kwayo kukhona ukuze kukwenze kube nokwethembeka. Uma kungabhaleki ngaphandle kokuthambisa wonke umusho, ukuhlola kulinganise okuncane kunalokho okushiwo yithikithi.