Uhlu lwezimvume zamaphoyinti okugcina e-VPN: ukuvuselelwa kwe-DNS okukhohliwe

Ukuthayipha i-vpn.example.com esikhwameni se-firewall kuzwakala njengokubhalisa ku-DNS. Okujwayelekile ukwenzeka ukuhumusha ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ngemuva kwalokho umthetho ugcina amakheli futhi akukho okuwavuselelayo. Izingxenye ezimbili manje zabelana umsebenzi: isixazululi esiphendulayo kanye ne-firewall egcinayo. Iningi lokuphazamiseka kwamaphoyinti okugcina liqala lapho lokho kudluliswa kungakaze kwakhiwe khona.

Igama lomsingathi kumthetho akulona ukubhalisa okubukhoma

Amanye amathuluzi axazulula igama lapho ukucushwa kulayishwa; amanye agcina igama lomsingathi futhi aphinde alixazulule ngokuhlela kwawo; amanye amukela amakheli kuphela. Ukucushwa okubonakalayo akuvamile ukusho ukuthi yikuphi. Izibonelo zemibhalo zivame ukucabanga isimo sokulayisha, yingakho umehluko umangaza abantu ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Funda ukuziphatha kokuqalisa ngaphambi kokucabanga ukuthi ushintsho lwekheli luzobonwa, ngoba uhlu lwezimvume oludala lubukeka lifana ncamashi nolisebenzayo kuze kube yilapho iphoyinti lokugcina lihamba.

Umthetho oqamba umsingathi ofanele usengavumela ikheli elingalungile. Leyo gebe iyinganekwane, hhayi iphutha lokupela.

I-TTL yenqolobane ayisona isibali sikhathi se-firewall yakho

Amarekhodi e-DNS anesikhathi sokuphila, futhi izixazululi zigcina izimpendulo kunqolobane ngaleso sikhathi. Incazelo ye-DNS ichaza lokho kuziphatha kwenqolobane, kodwa ilawula idatha ye-DNS, hhayi isitolo samakheli esihlukile se-firewall. I-TTL emfushane ayidali umsebenzi wokuvuselela lapho ungekho. Ukugcinwa kunqolobane kwenzeka nasezingeni elingaphezu kwelilodwa, ngakho impendulo etholwa itheminali ingase ingabi yileyo eyabonwa yi-firewall.

Buza umkhiqizo wangempela imibuzo emithathu: uxazulula nini, ugcina kuphi umphumela, futhi yini eqala ukuvuselelwa. Uma impendulo isekuqalekeni kuphela, isikhathi eside somhlangano singaphila isikhathi eside kunekheli elavunyelwe.

dig +short vpn.example.com
resolvectl query vpn.example.com

Dizayina ukuvuselela nokwehluleka njengenqubomgomo eyodwa

Ukukhishwa okunakekelwayo kudinga izimpendulo ezicacile: yini eqala ukuvuselelwa ngaphambi kokuba iklayenti likhethe ikheli elisha, isethi evunyelwe ishintsha kanjani ngaphandle kokuvula iwindi lesikhashana elibanzi, futhi nini kususwa amangeno angasasebenzi. Bhala lezo zimpendulo eceleni komthetho.

Khetha ukuziphatha kokwehluleka ngamabomu. Ukugcina ikheli elidala kungagcina umhlangano futhi kushiye imvume endala; ukuhlanza isethi kungavimbela ukubuyisela. Akukho kokubili okufanele kube umphumela wengozi wokusesha okuhlulekile. Bhala ukuziphatha okukhethiwe ku-runbook ukuze umsebenzi olandelayo angasho okungaqondile ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Gcina ne-bootstrap DNS incane. Ukukhishwa okungenamibandela kwesixazululi somphakathi kuyindlela eqondile ye-DNS yakho konke okuhambisanayo, hhayi kuphela igama lephoyinti lokugcina.

Fakazela ushintsho lwephoyinti lokugcina, hhayi ukuxhumana kokuqala

Sebenzisa umphathi osekelwe yiklayenti uma usuvele uhlanganisa ukuxazulula nokuvimbela. Kusidingo se-PF esilawulwa isayithi, gcina ubunikazi nokuhlela kokubuyisela kwesayithi esikhundleni sokukopisha uhlelo lwethebula lamagama omsingathi kwenye ipulatifomu enokuziphatha okuhlukile komjikelezo wokuphila.

Ngokuhlolwa okuvunyelwe nokungenabungozi, qhathanisa ikheli elikhethwa iklayenti nesethi evunyelwe esebenzayo ngaphambi nangemva koshintsho olulawulwayo. Hlanganisa ukusesha okuhlulekile, ukususa ingeno engasavumelekile, futhi lapho kusekelwa, umndeni wekheli ohlukile. Umhubhe ohlosiwe kufanele ubuyisele, kuyilapho ithrafikhi eqondile engahlobene ihlala ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo. Ukuxhumana kokuqala okuphumelelayo kufakazela kuphela ukuthi ukuhumusha kokuqala kwenzeke kwaba kuhle.