I-VPN yawa phakathi nekhasi: ingabe izicelo zangemuva zisaphuma?

Ithebhu lisabonisa idashibhodi yangaphambi kokufa komhubhe. Izibalo zesimo ziyabanda, isipinishi esincane siyaqhubeka nokuzungeza, futhi ibha yekheli isaphethe uhlelo lokusebenza olwaluvule ngehora eledlule. Awuthintanga lutho ngemva kokuphuka, nokho ikhasi kungenzeka lisazama ukufinyelela kuseva yalo ngokohlelo lwalo. Yilokho abantu abakushiyayo: ikhasi elibonakala nje kanye nekhasi elisathumela izicelo kubonakala kufana ngaphandle, futhi lilodwa kuphela elivela kurekhodi lenethiwekhi.

Umsebenzi okhasi oluyiqalayo ngaphandle kwakho

Izindlela ezine zigcina idokhumenti elilayishiwe lisebenza. Isikhathi esiphindayo singaqalisa kabusha ucingo lwesimo njalo ngemva kwamasekhondi ambalwa. I-fetch ingase iqale lapho ithebhu ibonakala futhi ngemva kokuba ubuyele kuyo. Isiteshi esibukhoma esakhiwe ku-WebSocket noma izehlakalo ezithunyelwa yiseva singazama ukuxhuma kabusha ngohlelo lwaso lokuhlehla. Isisebenzi sesevisi esibhaliswe isayithi singavuka ukuze kuvumelaniswe okusemgqeni ngisho noma ingekho ithebhu phambi kwakho.

Akukho kukodwa okudinga ukuchofoza, futhi akukho okulayisha kabusha idokhumenti. Ibha yekheli, indawo yokuskrola kanye namavelu abonisiwe konke kuhlala lapho bekukhona. Okushintshayo uhlangothi lwenethiwekhi kuphela: umzamo ngamunye omusha yisinqumo esisha esithathwe ngaso sikhathi lapho uqala khona.

Umehluko lowo ubalulekile ngoba ikhasi elibonakalayo ligcinwa endaweni. Amaphikseli asevele adwetshiwe awasho lutho mayelana nokuthi isicelo esilandelayo siphumelele yini. Ishadi elibandiwe elinesipinishi iwukubukeka okuvamile kwekhasi elinezicelo zalo ezihlulekayo manje. Ukufunda isikrini kukutshela ukuthi iseva sasho ukuthini emaminithini adlule, hhayi ukuthi isiphequluli senzani manje.

Kungani ukulayisha ikhasi kwangaphambili kungagcini umzila

Akukho lutho ekulayisheni kwekhasi okubopha idokhumenti kumhubhe. Umzila unqunywa ngephakethe ngalinye, ngesikhathi sokuthumela, kusuka kuthebula ekhona lapho iphakethe liphuma. Lapho isixhumi somhubhe sinyamalala, lokho kusesha akusavumelani nomzila womhubhe. Kungenzeka iwele ku-adaptha yomzimba noma ingatholi lutho, kuye ngalokho iklayenti elikushiyile.

Izingcingo eziphindayo ziyimisebenzi ejwayelekile ehleliwe. Ingxenye yezikhathi yezinga le-HTML ichaza ukuthi zifakwa kanjani emgqeni futhi ithatha isikhala njengokubambezeleka okuncane hhayi isithembiso sokulingana okuqondile, ngakho ithebhu yangemuva ingabuza kaningi kakhulu kunalokho ikhodi yayo ikucela. Imizamo emincane ayifani nokungabi nawo umzamo, futhi ukuletha ithebhu phambili isikhathi esivamile sokugqashuka kwayo.

Inqubomgomo yokwehluleka ihlala kuphi

Ukuvinjwa kweklayenti kuhlolwa lapho kuzanywa ukuxhumana, hhayi lapho ikhasi lathathwa khona. Uma ukufinyelela okuvamile kusavunyelwe, umzamo wokuphinda ungaphuma ngoxhumano lomzimba obala. Uma inqubomgomo ibamba leyo traffic kuze kube umhubhe uyabuya, umzamo wehluleka ngesikhathi sokuxhuma futhi ikhasi likhombisa iphutha elingazama futhi ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa.

Imininingwane emibili inquma ukuthi iyiphi oyitholayo. Eyokuqala ububanzi bokuqinisekisa obusekelwa iklayenti: ukuvinjwa kwedivayisi yonke, ukuvinjwa okulinganiselwe ku-adaptha yomhubhe, noma isethi yemithetho enezikhathi ezingafakwanga. Eyesibili ukuthi indawo oya kuyo ingena yini esikhathini esingafakwanga owangeza ngaphambili sesimaki sendawo, iphothali eboshiwe noma isevisi yokusakaza.

Ukubethela kwezinga lohlelo lokusebenza akushintshi lutho kulezi. I-HTTPS ivikela amabhayithi phakathi kwesiphequluli neseva; ayisho lutho mayelana nokuthi yisiphi isixhumi esiwathwalayo. Ikhasi lingabethelwa ngokuphelele futhi lisaphuma ngendlela engafanele, futhi yilokho kanye okuvunyelwa ukuvinjwa okuncane.

Ukuhlola okulawulwayo ngekhasi elilahlwayo

Sebenzisa umhlinzeki owulawulayo kanye nekhasi elingenzi lutho ngaphandle kokulibiza, ukuze kungabikho idatha yangempela emdlalweni. Kusuka kutheminali, thatha isampula yomzila ngaphambi nangemva kokuphuka:

curl -sS --max-time 5 -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code} %{remote_ip}\n' https://probe.example.net/ping

Kuyisebenzise umhubhe uphakeme, bese wehlisa umhubhe futhi uyisebenzise futhi. Impendulo evela kukheli lomphakathi ngenkathi umhubhe uphansi ikutshela ukuthi umzila oqondile uvulekile. Ukuphela kwesikhathi noma ukuxhumana okwaliwe kukutshela ukuthi inqubomgomo ibambile. Phinda futhi ngemva kokuba iklayenti ixhume kabusha, ukuze ubone umzila womhubhe ubuya esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi ubuyile.

Kusiphequluli, iphaneli yeNethiwekhi ihlukanisa imibuzo emibili. Hlunga ku-Fetch/XHR, bese ufunda ikholomu yomqalisi: umfakelo oqalwe yisikhathi noma umbhalo wesandla, ngaphandle kokuzulazula okurekhodiwe ngaphambi kwawo, umzamo wangemuva hhayi ukulayisha kabusha. Qhathanisa isikhathi sawo sokuqala nesikhathi lapho umhubhe wawa. Uma umfakelo usalindile ngenkathi umhubhe ungekho, isicelo silinde umzila ongasekho.

Ubufakazi ohlangothini lweseva buqinile kunanoma yini ekhonjiswa isiphequluli. Irekhodi lezicelo elinesigxivizo sesikhathi nekheli lomthombo lifakazela ukuthi iphakethe lafika. Imifakelo yesiphequluli ingathwala amakhukhi, amathokheni kanye nama-URL aphelele, ngakho gcina izinkambu ezidingwa umbuzo wakho kuphela futhi ufihle ezinye ngaphambi kokuzinamathisela noma kuphi.

Yini okufanele yenziwe ngempendulo

Uma imizamo yangemuva iqhubeka nokuphumelela ngenkathi umhubhe uphansi, ukuvinjwa kuncane kunalokho obukucabanga, futhi lelo gebe kufanele livalwe ngaphambi kokuthemba iklayenti ngomsebenzi obucayi. Uma yehluleka, inqubomgomo yenza umsebenzi wayo futhi ikhasi elibandiwe liwukubukeka nje. Noma kunjalo, ukuvala ithebhu eyodwa akulona ukulawula kwedivayisi yonke: amanye amathebhu, ezinye iziphequluli nezinye izinhlelo zokwenza zihlela umsebenzi wazo ngokwazo.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezifanele ukuthathwa: bhala ukuthi yiziphi izikhathi ezingafakwanga ozengezile nokuthi kungani, qinisekisa ukuthi iklayenti livimbela kuphela i-traffic esemkhakheni womhubhe noma yonke i-traffic, futhi ubukele isicelo esisodwa sangemuva kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ngerekhodi leseva livuliwe. Lezo zimpendulo ezintathu zihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yalokho umbiko othi «i-VPN yawa futhi kukhona okusaxhunyiwe» okuqukethwe ngempela.