Ingabe i-binary yakho ye-VPN yakhelwe le-CPU? Funda isihloko se-ELF

Womabili amafayela angama-32-bit futhi yilinye kuphela lawo elisebenza ebhodini lakho. Ukwakhiwa kwe-ELF32 kwe-Intel nokwakhiwa kwe-ELF32 kwe-ARM kuyavumelana endaweni yekilasi kodwa akuvumelani kukho konke okubalulekile. Ikhasi lokulanda elinikeza ukukhetha kwe-32-bit alikutshelanga cishe lutho kuze kube yilapho ufunda isihloko sefayela oyilande ngempela. Ukushintsha igama layo akushintshi ngisho umyalo owodwa.

Ikilasi ne-machine ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene

Inkambu yekilasi isho ukuthi ifayela lisebenzisa izakhiwo ze-32-bit noma ze-64-bit. Inkambu ye-machine ibiza isethi yemiyalo okwakhiwe ngayo ifayela. Ukufunda eyokuqala kuphela yiyo indlela ukwakhiwa kwe-x86 okugcina ngayo ebhodini le-ARM ngegama lefayela elibonakala lithembekile ngokuphelele. Womabili amanani avela kumyalo owodwa, yingakho kulula kangaka ukweqa owodwa.

Ukudideka okufanayo kusebenza kumalebula e-64-bit, lapho i-aarch64 ne-x86-64 zabelana ngosayizi wegama futhi zingabelani ngisho umyalo owodwa. Ikhasi lomthengisi elibala ukulanda okukodwa kwe-64-bit lichaza ukwakhiwa kwalo, hhayi umshini wakho. Hlola isihloko sefayela esikhundleni sesihloko sekholomu ekhasini.

readelf -h ./vendor-vpn
readelf -l ./vendor-vpn | head -20
file ./vendor-vpn

Umyalo wokuqala uprinta isihloko, kuhlanganise nekilasi ne-machine. Owesibili ukhombisa izihloko zohlelo, lapho isicelo se-interpreter sikhona. Owesithathu ukunikeza umugqa owodwa lapho ithebula lingaphezu kwalokho okudingayo.

Ukungeza imvume yokusebenzisa noma ukulungisa ukuhlolwa kwesabelo akuhumushi lutho. Ukulingisa, lapho ipulatifomu ikusekela khona, isinqumo sokusetshenziswa esinezindleko zaso zokusebenza nokuncika.

Funda isihloko ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isifaki

Hlola into ethembekile ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yini kuyo. Isifaki esihluleka phakathi nendlela singashiya imitapo yezincwadi eshintshiwe futhi kungabikho lutho olusebenzayo, okuyindawo yokuqala embi kunengobo yomlando oqale ngayo. Ukuhlolwa kwesihloko kuwukufunda kuphela futhi kuyabuyiseka ngomqondo wokuthi akukho lutho olushintshayo ohlelweni.

Qhathanisa inkambu ye-machine ne-architecture yamaphakethe ohlelo olusebenzayo, hhayi negama lokumaketha lebhodi. I-CPU ye-64-bit esebenzisa indawo yomsebenzisi ye-32-bit idinga ukwakhiwa kwe-32-bit, futhi leyo mininingwane inquma ukuthi yikuphi ukulanda okwemvelo. Ikhono lebhodi akusona isithiyo; indawo yomsebenzisi efakiwe iyisithiyo.

dpkg --print-architecture
uname -m
getconf LONG_BIT

Umyalo wokuqala ubika i-architecture uhlelo olufaka ngayo amaphakethe, futhi yiloyo nani okufanele ihambisane. Eminye emibili ichaza i-kernel nosayizi wegama, futhi ingase ingahambisani nendawo yomsebenzisi ekufakeni okunezinto eziningi.

Lapho lezo zimpendulo zingahambisani, nquma ukuthi yikuphi umthengisi akusekelayo ngaphambi kokulanda enye ingobo yomlando. Ukuqagela kudala umjikelezo wokufaka lapho ngakunye kwehluleka endaweni ehlukile, futhi ukwehluleka ngakunye kubonakala njengenkinga entsha.

Hlola i-interpreter, hhayi i-architecture kuphela

Ifayela elisebenzayo eliguqukayo libhala isilayishi elisilindele esihlokweni sohlelo. Ohlelweni olunendlela ehlukile yesilayishi i-kernel iyala ukuqala ifayela ngisho noma inkambu ye-machine ihambisana ngokuphelele. Yikho lokho kwehluleka okuthumela abantu ukuba bayofuna imitapo yezincwadi engekho.

Umlayezo wephutha ukutshela ukuthi usesimweni sini, futhi zombili lezi zimo kulula ukuzidida. Ukwenqatshwa kwefomethi noma kwe-architecture kuhlukile kufayela noma i-interpreter engekho, futhi eyodwa kuphela yazo elungiswa ngokufaka elinye iphakethe.

readelf -l ./vendor-vpn | grep -A1 INTERP
ls -l /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

Umyalo wokuqala ukhombisa indlela ye-interpreter edingwa yi-binary. Owesibili uhlola ukuthi leyo ndlela ikhona yini, okuhlukanisa ukwakhiwa okungalungile nesilayishi esingekho.

Ungasebenzisi uhlu lokuncika ku-binary engathembekile, ngoba ezinye izinhlelo zingasebenzisa ifayela eziluhlolayo. Gcina ukuhlolwa kuwukufunda kuphela futhi umelane nesilingo sokwengeza izixhumanisi eziyisibonakaliso zesilayishi ukuze ukwakhiwa okungasekelwe kuqale.

Cela ukwakhiwa uphethe amaqiniso

Thumela kumthengisi ukukhishwa kwe-OS, i-architecture yamaphakethe, amanani ekilasi ne-machine kanye nomlayezo wokuqala wephutha. Leyo nhlanganisela ithola impendulo ewusizo, kanti isithombe sesikrini sokwehluleka okuvamile sithola ithempulethi yokusekelwa.

Gcina umbuzo we-binary uhlukile kumbuzo wokumiswa. Uma ukwakhiwa okulungile kuqala, amaphrofayili, izifakazelo nemizila kuseyizinkinga zazo, futhi akukho nobuningi bokuhlela iphrofayili okungenza i-binary ye-architecture engalungile isebenze.