Ukusabelana kwe-Mac kubonakala ku-VPN: siyikume noma siyifihle?

Uhlu lokubheka lwakhiwa ngezimemezelo, futhi isimemezelo akusona isigunyazo sokufinyelela. Othile ubona igama le-laptop yakho ohlwini olukude ngoba umbuzo we-multicast weqa umngcele ovame ukuwumisa kwi-router. Lokho kweqa kuchaza kokubili ukuthi kungani ingena futhi nokuthi kungani ukususa lokho okufakiwe kungafani nokuvala insizakalo. Nquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kokubili okuphikisa ngempela ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini.

Kuyini ngempela okufakwe ekubhekweni

Isiphenduli se-mDNS kwi-Mac siphendula imibuzo ngezinhlobo zensizakalo ezizihlinzekayo, futhi impendulo ithwala igama, umgudu kanye namarekhodi ambalwa ombhalo. Iklayenti elibuzile libe selikhombisa lelo gama ohlwini. Akukho lutho ekushintshisaneni okufakazela ukuthi ukuxhumana kuzophumelela, futhi akukho lutho okunikeza imvume: uhlu luyisimangalo ngakugama, hhayi ngakufinyelela. Lowo mehluko uwona onquma ukuthi kufanele ucime into noma uyeke ukuyishicilela.

Izinsizakalo ezahlukene zibhalisa zodwa, ngakho ukunyamalala kokufakiwe okukodwa akusho ukuthi zonke izimemezelo zime. Ukwabelana ngamafayela kubhalisa uhlobo olulodwa, ukwabelana ngesikrini olunye, futhi amaphrinta, imitapo yemidiya namathuluzi onjiniyela ngakunye kubhalisa okwakho. Ngaphambi kokuthatha iswishi eyodwa njengokulawula okuyisisekelo, bhala phansi okubhalisiwe nokuthi iyiphi inqubo ekuphethe:

dns-sd -B _smb._tcp
lsof -nP -iUDP:5353

I-Multicast ihlala yasendaweni ngaphandle uma okuthile kuyixhumanisa ngebhuloho

I-Multicast DNS ithumela eqenjini lasendaweni yoxhumano ku-UDP 5353, futhi amarawuta awalidlulisi lelo qembu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho umhubhe odlulisa ithrafikhi ye-unicast ushiya ukutholakala ngemuva, futhi yikho lokho okwenza i-Mac ku-VPN eruthelwe ingabonakali esizeni esikude. Umhubhe onebhuloho, noma i-relay elungiselelwe ngamabomu, kushintsha lokho ngokubeka zombili izingqikithi esizindeni esisodwa sokusakaza. Ukuthi unakho kuphi ukwakheka kuyisici somhubhe, hhayi segama lephrothokholi elanyatheliswa kuwo.

Hlola ukuhlelwa kweseva ukubona ukuthi ixhumanisa ngebhuloho isixhumanisi noma irutha isizinda esincane, ngoba kokubili kuziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kuwo wonke umthetho oncike ekusakazeni. Uma umhubhe unebhuloho, lindela ukuthi kuvuza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zezimemezelo, kuhlanganise izinto okungekho owayehlose ukuzishicilela. Uma uruthelwe, okufakwe ohlwini olukude mhlawumbe kwafika nge-relay noma ngokutholakala okusekelwe ku-DNS ye-unicast, hhayi ngeqembu le-multicast. Lezo zindlela zinezilungiso ezahlukene, futhi ukuvimba umgudu we-multicast kuvala eyodwa kuphela yazo.

Ukumisa insizakalo kuwumngcele ohlanzekile kakhulu

Uma i-Mac ingenamsebenzi wokuhlinzeka ngamafayela, vala ukwabelana ngesilawuli esisekelwayo esikhundleni sokuzama ukufihla isimemezelo saso. Insizakalo emisiwe ayikwazi ukuxhunyaniswa, ukuqagelwa noma ukufinyelelwa yiklayenti elidala elalikhumbula igama. Leso sici siyenza ibe yisilawuli esinamandla kakhulu, futhi ayidingi nhlobo ukubambisana kwenethiwekhi.

Incwadi yomhlahlandlela yokwabelana ngamafayela yakwa-Apple ichaza imodeli yezimvume yamafolda abiwe, abasebenzisi abagunyaziwe kanye nokufinyelela kwezivakashi, futhi iphaneli yokwabelana ikhombisa isimo samanje. Buyekeza lezi zintathu lapho insizakalo idingeka ngempela, ngoba ukwabelana okufanele kube khona ukwabelana okufanele kukhawulelwe. Ukufinyelela kwezivakashi kufanele kubhekwe ngokwahlukile, ngoba kungavumela ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi iziqinisekiso. Bese uqinisekisa ukuthi insizakalo ilalela kuziphi izixhumanisi, ngoba ukwabelana okunikezwa kuso sonke isixhumanisi kunikezwa nasemhubheni.

Lapho udinga insizakalo kodwa hhayi izethameli

Ngezinye izikhathi ukwabelana kusemthethweni futhi izethameli azinjalo. Ukukhawulela insizakalo emithonjeni egunyaziwe, ukushiye ukutholakala kuyisilawuli esihlukile nesincane, kuwukuhlelwa okuqotho. Imithetho yodonga lomlilo, izimvume zomsebenzisi ngamunye nokulalela esixhumanisini esifanele konke kunciphisa ukufinyelela ngezindlela isimemezelo esifihliwe esingakwazi.

Ukucindezela ukutholakala kuyinto yokuhlobisa ngomqondo oqinile: insizakalo isaphendula noma ubani owazi igama. Uma inkinga ingukushicilela ngokwako, kukhawulele esigabeni esikuthwalayo. Kunethiwekhi oyilawulayo, lokho kusho ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zensizakalo okufanele zeqe umngcele nokuhlela ibhuloho, i-relay noma isihlungi ngokufanele. Ukukopisha umyalo wesihlungi sebhuloho kusuka kunkundla kusebenza kuphela uma iseva yakho isebenza ngqo leso sitaki naleso simo somhubhe, futhi kunethiwekhi ongayilawuli impendulo eqotho ukuthi awukwazi ukulawula okukhunjulwa yiklayenti elikude.

Bheka kusukela ohlangothini olukude

Hlola kusukela ohlangothini olukude hhayi kunethiwekhi ye-Mac uqobo, futhi hlola ukubheka okusha hhayi uhlu olugcinwe kunqolobane. Bese uzama ukuxhumana okuqondile nensizakalo ngegama nangakhelikhodi, ngoba imiphumela emibili iphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Okufakiwe okungekho nokuxhumana okuphumelele kusho ukuthi wafihla ilebula, kanti ukuxhumana okwehlulekile kusho ukuthi wavala insizakalo. Inqolobane yenza zombili izivivinyo zibe ngamanga uma weqa ukuvuselela, ngakho qala iklayenti kabusha.

Bhala phansi ukuthi ushintshe ini nokuthi kungokukuphi kwezilawuli ezintathu: insizakalo imisiwe, ukufinyelela kukhawulelwe noma ukutholakala kukhawulelwe. Uma othile ebika ukuthi i-Mac isabonakala, lowo mbhalo ukutshela ukuthi umbiko usuphelelwe yisikhathi noma enye insizakalo iyazimemezela. Izimangaliso eziningi lapha ukubhaliswa kwesibili okungekho owayekhumbula ukukuvula, hhayi isilawuli esiphukile.

Buyekeza futhi ukubhaliswa okusele ngaphambi kokuphetha ngokuthi ushintsho lwehlulekile. Uhlu olufushane lungcono kunomunye umzuliswano wokuqagela.