Ifolda ye-SMB ibonakala indala ku-VPN? Hlola amafayela angaxhunyiwe

Uxhumanisa i-VPN, uvula idrayivu ehlanganisiwe, futhi ifolda ayinayo ifayela iseva enalo ngokusobala. Umcabango wokuqala ukusola ithumbu, i-DNS noma izimvume ze-Samba. Ezimweni eziningi uxhumano lulungile futhi i-Explorer ibonisa ikhophi yesabelo egcinwe kukheshi. Amafayela angaxhunyiwe angahlinzeka ngaleyo khophi ngisho ne-VPN ivuliwe, ngoba isabelo, hhayi ithumbu, sinquma ukuthi umbono usesikhathini yini. Ukulungisa kuqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubheka yikuphi.

Inkolelo: isithonjana se-VPN sisho ukuthi isabelo sisesikhathini

Isithonjana se-VPN sibika ukuthi kunethumbu eliya endaweni yokugcina. Asisho lutho mayelana nokuthi isabelo esithile se-SMB siyafinyeleleka yini, ukuthi i-Explorer isibuyisele leso sabelo kumodi eku-inthanethi yini, noma ukuthi ukwehluleka kokuvumelanisa kushiye ikhophi endala yini. Futhi asisho ukuthi iyiphi iseva eyakhethwa indlela ye-DFS.

Amafayela angaxhunyiwe agcina ikhophi yasendaweni yezabelo eziqondisiwe noma ezigxilisiwe ukuze ahlale etholakala lapho iseva ingafinyeleleki. Lapho isabelo sibuya, iklayenti kufanele libuyele ku-inthanethi futhi livumelanise. Inqubomgomo yokuxhumana enensu engamandla inganquma ukuthi uxhumano lusenensu kakhulu futhi igcine umbono ogcinwe kukheshi, futhi ukungqubuzana okulindile kungenza okufanayo ngisho kuxhumano olusheshayo.

Yingakho uphawu lubonakala lukhethiwe: ifolda eyodwa indala, enye ivuleka kahle, futhi eyesithathu ayivulwa nhlobo. Lezi yizimo ezintathu ezihlukene, futhi eyokuqala kuphela iyindaba yekheshi le ndatshana ekhuluma ngayo. Qamba isimo ngaphambi kokukhetha ukulungisa.

Qinisekisa ukuthi i-Explorer ifunda iphi imigomo

Qala ngendlela eqondile ye-UNC hhayi uhlamvu lwedrayivu. Idrayivu ehlanganisiwe ingakhomba kwesinye isabelo kunalokho ocabanga, futhi indlela ye-DFS ingabhekisela kwesinye iseva ngokuphelele. Ukufunda ukuhlanganisa kukhombisa imigomo egciniwe kanye nesimo sayo:

Get-SmbMapping | Select-Object LocalPath, RemotePath, Status
Get-SmbConnection
net use

Vula indlela ye-UNC ngqo kuwindi elisha le-Explorer futhi uyiqhathanise nedrayivu ehlanganisiwe. Uma indlela eqondile ibonisa ifayela lamanje kanti idrayivu ehlanganisiwe ayibonisi, ukuhlanganisa kuyingxenye yenkinga, hhayi ikheshi.

Bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela likhona kumsebenzisi ohlosiwe. Uhlu lomphathi kuseva lubonisa ukuba khona, hhayi ukuthi umsebenzisi ojwayelekile we-SMB unayo imvume efanayo, ngakho hlola nge-akhawunti esebenzisa isabelo ngempela. Izifakazelo ezihlukene zikhiqiza imibono ehlukene ngenxa yezizathu ezingahlobene nekheshi. Ukuba khona, imvume nokubonakala kuyizinto ezintathu ezihlukene zokuhlola.

Funda isimo sokuvumelanisa ngaphambi kokususa noma yini

Isikhungo Sokuvumelanisa, lapho isici sitholakala khona, sibika ukuthi isabelo sisebenza ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi yini, ukuthi ukuvumelanisa kokugcina kwehlulekile yini nokuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana okulindile yini. Lezo zimo ezintathu ziholela ekulungiseni okuhlukene, futhi ukususa ikheshi ngenkathi kukhona ukungqubuzana okulindile kungalahlekelwa umsebenzi wasendaweni.

Bheka izinguquko zasendaweni ezingakafinyeleli kuseva ngaphambi kokucisha ukugcina kukheshi, ukukhulula isabelo noma ukususa ikhophi engaxhunyiwe. Ifayela elikhona kukheshi kuphela akulona umbono wakudala; idatha engavumelanisiwe, futhi kufanele ilondolozwe kuqala ngenqubo evunyelwe. Ikheshi elinezinguquko ezilindile akuphephile ukulisusa.

Lapho umsebenzi wasendaweni uphephile, sebenzisa ukushintshela ku-inthanethi nokuvumelanisa okusekelwayo, bese uphinda uqhathanise uhlu. Ukuvula iwindi lesibili le-Explorer akukuphoqi ukuvuselela, ngoba womabili amawindi angafunda ikheshi lasendaweni elilodwa.

Lungisa isimo sesabelo esikhundleni sokususa isici

Uma isabelo sihlala singaxhunyiwe ngenxa yenqubomgomo yokuxhumana enensu engamandla, lungisa inqubomgomo yalelo sabelo noma inethiwekhi esikhundleni sokucisha amafayela angaxhunyiwe kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Uma ukuvumelanisa kuqhubeka kwehluleka, lungisa ukwehluleka futhi uxazulule ukungqubuzana; ukuvumelanisa okusebenzayo yikho okwenza ikhophi yekheshi ibe sesikhathini futhi. Shintsha inqubomgomo encane ekhasayo isabelo. Ushintsho lomhlaba wonke lushintsha umbono wakudala womsebenzisi oyedwa ngokulahlekelwa ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi kwabo bonke.

Ezabelweni okufanele zingagcinwa nekheshi, iseva ingathumela isiphakamiso sesabelo ngasinye. I-Samba ikhombisa njengepharamitha yesabelo, futhi inani lesabelo okufanele sihlale siku-inthanethi kuphela liyi:

csc policy = disable

isithenjwa samapharamitha e-Samba sichaza amanani avunyelwe kanye nencazelo yawo. Sebenzisa isilungiselelo ngomphathi wezabelo okhiqiza ngempela ukulungiselela, ikakhulukazi ku-NAS, futhi khumbula ukuthi isiphakamiso asilungisi idatha esivele igcinwe kukheshi kuklayenti.

Ngemva kwanoma yiluphi ushintsho lwenqubomgomo, qinisekisa ukuthi iklayenti lixhuma futhi futhi ifayela elilindelekile liyavela. Isevisi eqalwe kabusha ayisibonakaliso sokuthi ushintsho lwasendaweni olulindile lwalayishwa, ngakho hlola ifayela, hhayi isimo sokuxhumana kuphela.

Lapho imbangela ingewona amafayela angaxhunyiwe

Uma indlela ye-UNC iqinisekisiwe ukuthi iku-inthanethi futhi uhlu olusha lusahluka, ikheshi akusona incazelo. Hlola izimvume zesabelo nohlelo lwamafayela, ukubalwa okususelwa emvumeni kanye neseva eyakhethwa ngempela isithenjwa se-DFS. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungafihla ifolda ngaphandle kwekhophi yasendaweni.

Isabelo esingaxhumeki neze sidinga ubufakazi bomzila wokuhamba nokuhlunga kwezinsizakalo, hhayi ukuhlolwa kwekheshi. Iphothi 445 evinjiwe ethumbini, igama le-DNS elixazululwa ekhelini elingalungile noma umthetho we-firewall ovumela i-ping kodwa hhayi i-SMB, konke kudala ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba ikheshi libe nokubaluleka.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlukanisa imindeni emibili kulula: ifolda ekhona kuseva, ebonakala kumsebenzisi ofanele futhi engakaveli ku-inthanethi ikhomba enqubomgomo noma ekubalweni; ifolda evela nokuqukethwe kwakudala ikhomba ekheshini. Hlola umndeni ngaphambi kokushintsha isilungiselelo.