Ukukala i-VPN enkulu emise okwenkanyezi: bala ngaphambi kokukhetha i-BGP
Ama-prefix ayinombolo elula. Amaseshini, igagasi lezibuyekezo kanye nokululama ngemva kokuhluleka kwehabhu yikho okunquma ukuthi umklamo uyahlala yini ezinkulungwaneni zamagatsha.
Amagatsha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu azwakala njengenkinga yokuhambisa amaphakethe kodwa aziphatha njengenkinga yokubala imali. Isamba sama-prefix sibalwa ngemizuzu eyishumi, futhi akuvamisile ukuthi yileyo nombolo ebuhlungu. Okubuhlungu umsebenzi wseshini ngayinye, igagasi lezibuyekezo lapho ingxenye eyabiwe yehluleka, kanye nesikhathi esithathwa ukuthi ukudlulisela kuhambisane nomumo omusha futhi.
Ngakho-ke hamba ngezibalo ngokulandelana okufanele. Bala ubudlelwano, bala ama-prefix nezinye izindlela, bese ubala okwenzeka ngehora elibi, futhi ngemva kwalokho qhathanisa izivumelwano namapulatifomu. Ngokulandelana okuphambene, lo msebenzi uba yingxoxo ngezikhawulo zomzila okungekho muntu ongayixazulula ngolwazi olusetafuleni.
Izabelomali ezine, hhayi esisodwa
Isabelomali ngasinye siphendula umbuzo ohlukile, futhi ngasinye singaba umkhawulo obophayo kupulatifomu ehlukile. Ukuzibhala ngokwehlukana kuvimbela ukuthi inombolo eyodwa enkulu yama-prefix imele umklamo wonke.
| Budget | What you are really counting |
|---|---|
| Sessions | Peers per hub, keepalive or hello processing, authentication state, and the per-neighbor memory that never shows up in a route count |
| Prefixes | Alternatives received, prefixes selected, entries installed for forwarding, and how much of that each spoke is allowed to see |
| Churn | Updates generated by a flapping link, a hub outage, or every branch reconnecting after a regional event |
| Recovery | Time to detect, reselect, reinstall and restore the application, measured end to end rather than per box |
Ezimbili zokugcina yizo ezeqiwayo ekubuyekezweni komklamo. Inethiwekhi ehlala kahle enkumbulweni esimweni esizinzile isengasebenza kabi lapho amagatsha angamakhulu amane exhumanisa kabusha phakathi nemizuzu emibili, ngoba umsebenzi ufika ngokushesha kunalokho izinga lokulawula elikwazi ukukuphumelela. Bhala usayizi wegagasi njengenombolo, kanye nokuthi isevisi ingahlala ishileleka isikhathi esingakanani. Lokho kuguqula ukukhathazeka okungacacile kube uvivinyo umuntu angalwenza ngempela.
Kukhona nombuzo wepulatifomu ofihlekile kuzo zozine: ukuthi ukubethela, ukudlulisela nomzila kwabelana nge-CPU eyodwa noma kunezindlela ezihlukene. Amadivayisi amabili anamandla afanayo omzila angaziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu ngaphansi kwegagasi, futhi iphepha ledatha alivamisile ukusho ukuthi yikuphi okuthengayo.
Yenza izibalo ngezinombolo zakho
Thatha umklamo ocatshangelwe: amagatsha angu-3,000, ama-prefix amathathu kulelo nalelo ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, namahabhu amabili igatsha ngalinye ukuze kube nokungafani. Umbhangqwana wamahabhu kufanele ubambe cishe ama-prefix egatsha angu-9,000 ngaphambi kokufingqa, futhi umklamo usho amaseshini angu-6,000 egatsha-kuya-habhu uma igatsha ngalinye lixhumana nawo womabili.
Manje engeza izingxenye ezingewona ama-prefix. Iseshini ngayinye ithwala isimo nemilayezo yezikhathi ngisho lapho kungekho okushintshayo. Ihabhu ngalinye lingabamba indlela engaphezu kweyodwa nge-prefix ngayinye uma kulindeleke ukushintsha okusheshayo, ngakho inani lezinye izindlela lingadlula inani elikhethiwe. Futhi umbono wegatsha ngalinye uyisinqumo somgomo esihlukile: ukunikeza igatsha ngalinye izindlela zazo zonke ezinye kuphindaphinda umsebenzi ngendlela okubalwa ohlangothini lwehabhu okungayidaluli.
Lena iyinombolo yokuhlela yengxoxo yomklamo, hhayi isilinganiso sanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo. Umphumela owusizo walo msebenzi uyisimo somugqa, hhayi isimangalo sokuthi i-router ethile inikeza kuphi.
I-BGP ikunikezani, futhi i-IGP ikunikezani
I-BGP yehlukanisa lokho i-router ekutholile, lokho ekukhethile nalokho ekumemezelayo, futhi ngakunye kwalokho kulawulwa umgomo. Yilokho kanye okudingwa inethiwekhi yamagatsha, ngoba igatsha ngokuvamile kufanele libone umzila wokuzenzakalela, izinsiza ezimaphakathi nokuncane kakhulu okunye. Ukubala ithebula lokugcina kuphela kufihla ezinye izindlela nezimemezelo, futhi yizo lezo izingxenye ezikhulayo lapho wengeza ukungafani.
I-IGP akuyona iphutha ngokuzenzakalela. Lapho umumo, isakhiwo sezifunda nemodeli yomakhelwane kuhambisana nesevisi, ivumelwano lesimo lokuxhumana lihlangana ngokushesha futhi lidinga insizakalo emincane yomgomo. Ugibe ukucabanga ukuthi ingaveza ukulawula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubomakhelwane ngamunye njenge-BGP: isifunda se-OSPF ingumngcele wokugcwala, hhayi isihlungi ongasilengisa egatsheni elilodwa.
Kungakhathaliseki, qala ngokunquma imodeli yokubonakala. Imizila yokuzenzakalela, izifingqo zezinsiza ezimaphakathi noma imininingwane egcwele yegatsha kuyimikhiqizo emithathu ehlukene, futhi isifingqo esifihla ukwehluleka okuqondile kakhulu isinqumo somklamo okufanele sibhalwe phansi, hhayi sitholwe ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka.
Vivinya igagasi, hhayi isimo esizinzile
Akha ukuqhathanisa kuzungeze ukwehluleka okulindele ngempela: ihabhu liphansi, umcimbi we-WAN wesifunda, noma iwindi lokulungisa elikhipha uhhafu wamasayithi ku-inthanethi ngasikhathi sinye. Kala ukululama ngokombono wegatsha, kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokusebenza, ngoba izinga lokulawula elihlangana ngamasekhondi lisho okuncane uma iseshini ithatha imizuzu ukuze isungulwe kabusha.
show bgp vpnv4 unicast summary
show ip route vrf BRANCH summary
show processes cpu sorted | include BGP|OSPFRekhoda okwenziwa ipulatifomu esiqongweni segagasi hhayi lapho iphumule, futhi kuphindaphinde ngemisebenzi yezokuphepha ivuliwe. Ubufakazi bomqondo obukhombisa ithebula elithule kuphela uvivinyo lwenkumbulo, futhi inkumbulo yayingeyona inomboro ethakazelisayo.