Iphuzu lesibili lokugcina le-VPN: ikusibekela ini futhi ingakusibekeli ini

Amaphuzu amabili okugcina ephepheni abukeka njengokweqile. Ngokwenzayo, ikheli lesibili lisiza kuphela lapho amaklayenti engafinyelela khona futhi lapho ligwema khona isiphambeko osilungiselelayo. Amaseva amabili ngemuva koxhumano olulodwa lokufinyelela, i-akhawunti eyodwa noma inethiwekhi eyodwa eqondiwe ehluleka ndawonye. Umbuzo owusizo ukuthi yisiphi isiphambeko esisodwa esisuswa iphuzu lesibili lokugcina.

Qhathanisa lokho amaphuzu amabili okugcina akwabelanayo

Bhala phansi lokho amaphuzu amabili okugcina anako ngokufanayo ngaphambi kokubala lokho akwenzayo kabili. Indawo yokusingatha, i-akhawunti yomhlinzeki, ukuhamba okuphezulu, ukusingathwa kwe-DNS, umthombo wobunikazi kanye nesisetshenziswa esiyimfihlo ngemuva komhubhe konke kumelela ukuncika okwabiwe noma okuzimele. Imishini emibili yobumba endaweni eyodwa yabelana ngokuphazamiseka komhlinzeki. Izifunda ezimbili ngaphansi kwe-akhawunti eyodwa zisabelana ngobudlelwano bezinkokhelo kanye nezinga lokulawula elizidalayo.

Inethiwekhi eqondiwe nayo ifanele ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo. Isango lokulondoloza elinempilo alikwazi ukubuyisela i-NAS engekho ku-inthanethi, futhi alikwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi yasehhovisi elinokuxhumana okuphezulu okuphukile. Uma amaphuzu amabili okugcina ephelela kunethiwekhi encane eyimfihlo efanayo, elesibili lengeza kuphela indlela eya endaweni eseyiyona ndawo yokwehluleka eyodwa.

Ubunikazi ukuncika abantu abakhohlwa ngakho. Ukukopisha isitifiketi nokuhlelwa ku-host yesibili kwakha izindawo ezimbili lapho ubufakazi obufanayo bungakopishwa khona, futhi akusho lutho mayelana nendlela ukuhoxiswa okufinyelela ngayo kukho kokubili.

Thatha isinqumo ngendlela iklayenti elishintsha ngayo

Iphuzu lesibili lokugcina liwusizo kuphela uma iklayenti likwazi ngakho futhi likwazi ukulikhetha ngaphandle kocingo lokusekelwa. Amaphrofayela okuxhumana e-OpenVPN angathwala imigqa eminingi ye-remote ngomgomo wokukhetha, futhi amaklayenti amaningi anikeza iphrofayela elinye kumenyu. Noma imuphi umshini, bhala phansi ukuthi abasebenzisi bakho banakho okukuphi, ngoba iphrofayela abangayitholi akuwona umshintsho wokulondoloza.

Funda imibhalo yeklayenti mayelana nokushintsha kwekheli phakathi nesikhathi. Ezinye izindlela zokwenza zigcina umlingani wokuqala kukho konke ukuphila komhubhe futhi zibheka ezinye izindlela kuphela lapho zixhuma kabusha. Lowo mehluko unquma ukuthi iphuzu lokugcina elifile liletha ukuphazamiseka okufushane noma isikhathi esingalokothi silulame. Hlola indlela yokuxhuma kabusha esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi kwenzeka.

Ikheli lokuphuma elishintshile liphinda lichithe isimo sohlelo. Umshintsho wokulondoloza ukubuyiselwa, futhi ukuluchaza njengokuqhubeka okungaphazamiseki kwakha ithemba umhambi ongeke akwazi ukulifeza.

Hlola isiphambeko esisodwa sangempela

Khetha ukuphazamiseka okulawulwayo okukodwa futhi ukwenze kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, esikhundleni sokwethemba umbhalo wokuklama. Misa iphuzu lokuqala lokugcina, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi iklayenti eligunyaziwe lifinyelela uhlelo oluhlosiwe ngendlela ehlukile ngenkathi amaklayenti angagunyaziwe engakwazi. Bhala phansi ukuthi ushintsho luthathe isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi uhlelo lwabona ini.

dig +short vpn2.example.net
ip route get 10.20.30.41
journalctl -u openvpn@backup --since '-10 min'

Umyalo wokuqala uqinisekisa ukuthi igama lokulondoloza lixazululwa libe yinto engahanjiswa ngaphambi kokuba uyidinge, futhi lolu ukuhlolwa okushibhile kakhulu lapha. Owesibili ukhombisa ukuthi i-kernel izosebenzisa isiphi isixhumanisi sendawo eyimfihlo uma enye indlela isiphezulu. Owesithathu unikeza ilogi yeklayenti equka igama lomlingani elaxhuma naye ngempela, futhi lowo uwubufakazi obulodwa bokuthi ushintsho lwenzeka. Bheka futhi indlela yokuvimba phakathi nesikhala, ngoba inqubomgomo evuza ithrafikhi ngenkathi kushintshwa imbi kunokuphazamiseka okufushane.

Bese ubuyisela owokuqala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iklayenti liyabuya yini. Ukubuya okwenzeka ngengozi kuyindlela yokuziphatha okungekho muntu owahlela yona.

Bhala phansi ukuthi ikheli lesibili liletha ini

Fingqa ukusibekela esigabeni esisodwa: yisiphi isiphambeko esisuswa iphuzu lesibili lokugcina, yiziphi iziphambeko elizabelana ngazo nelokuqala, futhi ushintsho luncike kuziphi izinto ezicatshangelwayo. Shayela igama umshini ohlangothini lweklayenti kanye nemizila eyimfihlo nendlela ye-DNS okumele ibe khona kuzo zombili izindawo. Ukungena ku-inthanethi komphakathi akukona ukungena kwesango eliyimfihlo, futhi umbhalo othatha lezi zinto njengezishintshayo uyokholelwa. Engeza ukuhlolwa kokubuyisela okwenzile, kanye nosuku nomphumela.

Ukuzimela esevani eyodwa akukona ukuzimela ku-akhawunti eyabiwe noma kunethiwekhi eqondiwe. Isigaba esisho lokhu ngokuzwakalayo yiso esivimbela ikheli lesibili ukuthi lingadayiswa ngaphakathi njengokutholakala okuphezulu. Siphinde sitshele umqhubi olandelayo ukuthi yini okumele akuhlole kuqala lapho umbhangqwana wehluleka ndawonye.