Kuphumelelephi ukungena: ukufinyelela ku-eduroam noma i-VPN?
Ukujoyina i-eduroam ukungena kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela; ukujoyina i-VPN ubudlelwano obuhlukile. Thola ukuthi yikuphi ukungena okwehlulekile ngempela ngaphambi kokuba othile ashintshe iphothi.
Ngemva komusho othi „i-VPN ayisebenzi ku-eduroam“ kunezikhathi ezimbili zokungena, futhi amaqembu ahlukene angabanikazi bazo. Ukujoyina i-eduroam kufaka idivayisi kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela; ukujoyina i-VPN kwakha ubudlelwano besibili phezu kwalokho kuxhumana. Kokubili kungase kuqhutshwe yisikhungo esisodwa, kodwa izifakazelo, iphrofayela kanye nesigaba lapho izinto ziphuka khona kuhlala kuhlukile. Thola ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kokubili okwehlulekile ngempela ngaphambi kokuba othile ahlele inombolo yephothi. Konke okungezansi kuhlelwe kuzungeze le nkomfa eyodwa.
Ikhampasi eyodwa lapho OpenVPN yaphendula khona ku-UDP 1194 ingumlando owusizo, hhayi indlela yokulandelayo.
Qala uqinisekise uhlangothi lokufinyelela
Cisha umhubhe bese uvula ikhasi le-HTTP elijwayelekile noma iphothali yokubamba. Uma livuleka, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela yenza umsebenzi wayo futhi umbuzo we-VPN uvulekile ngempela. Uma kungavuleki lutho, iphutha lisekuxhumaneni, ku-akhawunti noma kuphrofayela yokungenisa. Akukho shintsho ku-VPN oluzothinta eyodwa yalokho kuthathu.
Umhlahlandlela wokuxhumana ne-eduroam wenza isikhungo sasekhaya sibe umthombo wobunikazi bomsebenzisi. Uma isisizi sokuhlela sakha iphrofayela, ukukhetha isikhungo esivakashelwe esikhundleni sesasekhaya kukhiqiza isethaphu elingakwazi ukuziqinisekisa. Sebenzisa lokho okushicilelwe yisikhungo sasekhaya, hhayi inqwaba yezitifiketi evela kwenye indawo.
Ukucisha ukuhlola kwesitifiketi noma kokuqinisekisa ukuze udlule ukungena kwenza ukuhlelwa okungalungiseka kube okungenasiphetho. Uma iphrofayela efakiwe ivela emthonjeni ongagunyaziwe, yishintshe ngaphambi kokuhlola noma yini enye.
Ubani ungumnikazi wakuphi ukwehluleka
Lapho ukufinyelela kusebenza, wonke umbuzo osele unomnini oyedwa ngqo. Lokhu ukwahlukaniswa konke:
| Owner | Questions that belong to them |
|---|---|
| VPN operator | Server name, protocol, transport, port, client compatibility, VPN authentication |
| Visited network operator | Which traffic the local arrangement permits, and any observed path problem |
| Device or client administrator | Local policy, client build, server-identity errors |
Umugqa wezokuthutha yilapho iningi lemizamo yokuzilungiselela yehluleka khona. Lokho okulalelwa yiseva kugxilile ekuhlelweni kwayo, futhi ukuhlela iphrofayela yeklayenti akukwazi ukukushintsha, ngakho cela umqhubi iphrofayela yamanje esikhundleni sokushintsha phakathi kwe-TCP ne-UDP. Ukushintsha kushintsha kuphela indlela iklayenti ehluleka ngayo.
Ohlangothini oluvakashelwe, ukuqinisekisa okuphumelelayo kwe-eduroam akusho lutho mayelana nokuthi lowo mgudu uthwala ukuthutha okuthile kwe-VPN, futhi ukuphela kwesikhathi kukodwa akubona ubufakazi bokuvinjwa. Zombili izimangalo ziyashiwo nsuku zonke, futhi ngayinye idinga ukuqashelwa ngemuva kwayo.
Ohlangothini lwedivayisi, umthetho wokuphepha ophathisiwe, inguqulo yeklayenti engahambisani kanye nephutha lobunikazi beseva kungukwehluleka okuthathu okuhlukene. Ukuzihlanganisa kwitikithi elilodwa kubambezela kokuthathu.
Khetha ubufakazi ngaphambi kwethiyori
Lapho iphrofayela ingeyakho ukuyihlola futhi umqhubi uyigunyazile, ukuqhathanisa okukodwa kunqoba impikiswano: ingabe iphrofayela efanayo ixhuma isuka kwenye inethiwekhi ethembekile? „Yebo“ kukhombisa umgudu ovakashelwe, „cha“ kukhombisa iphrofayela, iseva noma iklayenti. Yenza lolo vivinyo ngaphakathi kwemithetho esebenza ku-akhawunti, futhi hhayi nanini ngokufaka iklayenti okungekho muntu owagunyaza.
Uma umqhubi eshicilela iphrofayela elinye elihlukile eligunyaziwe, sebenzisa lona. Ukuqamba umlaleli kuphothi entsha noma ukuxegisa imithetho yenethiwekhi kuveza umphumela okungekho muntu ongawuvikela kamuva, futhi kufihla iphutha lokuqala.
Bhala umphumela ngendlela abanikazi abathathu abangazithathela isinyathelo ngayo, hhayi ngendlela esheshayo ukuthayipha. Ukuphela kwesikhathi okungenalutho akusho lutho olusizo kumqhubi we-VPN, futhi ukwehluleka kokuqinisekisa kusho okuncane ngendlela efanayo kumqhubi wenethiwekhi evakashelwe.
Imvamisa umugqa owodwa wokuloga uyanquma. TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds ukhombisa umgudu noma iphothi, kuyilapho AUTH_FAILED kusho ukuthi kufinyelelwe kumhubhe futhi izifakazelo zenqatshiwe.
Bhala ukudluliswa emigqeni emihlanu
Ukudluliswa okufushane kuthwala izinto ezinhlanu: indawo evakashelwe, isikhathi somzamo, inguqulo yeklayenti egunyaziwe, iseva nokuthutha iphrofayela ekhombe kukho, kanye nephutha lokuqala elinolwazi. Engeza ukuthi ukufinyelela okuvamile kwasebenza yini nokuthi kwenziwe ukuqhathanisa okuvunyiwe phakathi kwezinethiwekhi yini, uma uzitholile lezo ezimbili. Sula amaphasiwedi, amathokheni nezingcaphuno zangasese ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kushiye itafula lakho.
Uma i-VPN iqinisekisa bese uhlelo lokusebenza langasese lwehluleka, dlulisa lowo mphumela wakamuva ngokwahlukile. Yomibili imibuzo yangaphambili isiphenduliwe ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ukuyigoqa kumbiko omusha „kusagwegwe“ kubuyisela wonke umuntu ekuqaleni.
Imigqa emihlanu, abanikazi abathathu, inkomfa eyodwa: yiso sonke isinqumo, futhi ngokuvamile sinqunywa ngaphambi kokuba othile athinte inombolo yephothi.