Indlela yokufunda ukulahleka kwamaphakethe ngaphambi kokusola ikhebula

Ukulahleka kwamaphesenti amabili phakathi nokugijima isikhathi eside kwe-ping kubonakala njengesibalo ongasebenza ngaso, futhi akuvamile ukuba kube njalo. Akusho ukuthi izimpendulo zalahleka kuphi, ukuthi zalahleka ndawonye yini, noma ukuthi uhlelo oluthile lwabhekana kanjani naleso sikhathi. Ukulahleka okusakazeke ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umzuzu nokulahleka okuqoqene phakathi kokuhlangana okukodwa kuletha imiphumela ehluke kakhulu ngephesenti elifanayo.

Qhathanisa izilinganiso ezintathu esikhundleni sokwethemba esisodwa: lokho isihloli esikubonile, lokho izibali zesixhumanisi ezikwenzile, nalokho uhlelo olulindele ngempela.

Iphephesenti le-ping lilinganisa ini ngempela

Isihloli se-echo sihlola uhlangothi olulodwa lwephrothokholi eyodwa ngosayizi wephakethe oyedwa, kunoma ikuphi ijubane olikhethile. Umhubhe ophethe ukulayisha okukhulu wenza into ehluke ngokuphelele, futhi isixhumanisi esidonsa phansi izihloli ezincane akusona isona isixhumanisi esilimaza ukudluliswa. Iphephesenti futhi licindezela ulwazi lwesikhathi olubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izimpendulo eziyishumi ezalahleka ngokuqhuma okukodwa azifani nezimpendulo eziyishumi ezalahleka zihlukaniswe ihora. Futhi alikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi uhlangothi luni lomhubhe oludonse phansi okuthile.

Gcina umphumela wesihloli njengomkhondo mayelana nendlela. Bese ufuna isikhathi nomngcele okwadalwa yikho.

Qhathanisa umehluko wezibali, hhayi izibalo zokuphila konke

Thatha izifundo ezinesigxivizo sesikhathi ngaphambi nangemuva kwewindi lapho uphawu lwavela khona, kuzo zombili iziphetho nasesiphelweni sanoma iyiphi iswishi oyilawulayo. Bhala umthamo wethrafikhi kanye namaphutha, okulahlwe kanye nezinguquko zesimo sesixhumanisi, ngoba isibalo esingesona uziro esiqoqwe ezinyangeni siveza umlando, hhayi lesi sigameko. Isibali esinyakaze ngakuthathu ngesikhathi sokuma kuwumbono ohlukile kunesibali esikhombisa izinkulungwane ezintathu futhi esingakaze sishintshe.

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nstat -az TcpRetransSegs TcpExtTCPTimeouts
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Amaphakethe alahlwa ngenxa yamaphutha okwamukela namaphakethe alahlwa ngenxa yezinye izizathu ahlala kuzibali ezihlukene, futhi lo mehluko ushintsha isinyathelo esilandelayo. Izibali zamaphutha zikhomba esigabeni somzimba noma esigabeni somshayeli, kuyilapho ingcindezi yomugqa kanye nokulahlwa ngenqubomgomo kukhombisa endaweni ethile ngaphezulu kwalokho. Gcina futhi isiqondiso negama lesixhumanisi, ngoba ukwanda kwamaphutha okwamukela kusixhumanisi esiphezulu kanye nesibali samaphakethe omhubhe akukwazi ukushintshana.

Uma umshayeli evezwa izibali zomzimba ezinemininingwane, zifunde ngedokhumenti yaleyo adaptha. Ukunika incazelo eyodwa kuyo yonke inkambu ebizwa ngokuthi “drop” kubakhiqizi ababili kuyindlela okuguqulwa ngayo into eyisimanga evamile yokubala ibe ukuxilongwa kwehadiwe.

Kanjani isigaba esilahlekile siba ukulinda isikhathi eside

Uhlelo lungalinda isikhathi eside kakhulu kunokuhamba nokubuya okukodwa ngemuva kokulahlekelwa isigaba. I-TCP ilinganisela isikhathi sokuhamba nokubuya, ibala isibali sikhathi sokuthumela kabusha kusukela kuleso silinganiso futhi ihlehla uma ukuthumela kabusha nakho kwehluleka, ngakho isigaba esisodwa esilahlekile ngesikhathi esingalungile singamisa isicelo isikhathi esibonakalayo. Leyo ndlela ichazwe ku-RFC 6298, futhi ichaza ukuthi kungani izinga lokulahleka elibonakala lincane lisenokuzwakala.

Kodwa akusiyo yonke impumuzo isikhathi sokuthumela kabusha. Ukulinda okufanayo kungavela ekuxazululeni amagama, kuseva enensayo noma kuhlelweni oluphinda luzame isicelo salo ngemuva kokwehluleka. Hlukanisa lezo zimo ngokuqondanisa umsebenzi ohlulekile nokubonwa kwezokuthutha kanye nezigameko zesikhathi somhubhe uqobo. Ukuphazamiseka endleleni yedatha ngaphandle kokuxhuma kabusha kuyisigameko esihlukile kunokuxhawana ngesandla okusha nokushintshana kwezifakazelo.

Lapho ukuthwebula kuvunyelwe khona, gcina kuncane. Okudingayo ukuthi amaphakethe noma iziqinisekiso ezilindelekile ziyama emngceleni othile, hhayi iqiniso lokuthi kukhona ukuthumela kabusha endaweni ethile kumkhondo omatasa.

Shintsha umngcele owodwa ngaphandle kokunyakazisa eminye

Uma ubufakazi bukhomba esixhumanisini sendawo, shintsha ikhebula noma imbobo evunyelwe njengokuqhathanisa okulawulwayo bese ushiya konke okunye kunjalo. Gcina isiphetho, uhlelo kanye nomthwalo womsebenzi kuqhathaniseka, futhi ushintshe umngcele owodwa ngqo emzamweni ngamunye. Ukuqhathanisa ikhompyutha ephathekayo enentambo nengenantambo ngesikhathi ushintsha neziphuma namaphrothokholi akukutsheli lutho ongakunikezela ngakho.

Izibali zasendaweni ezihlanzekile aziqinisekisi ingxenye esele yendlela. Zinciphisa ingxenye oyibonayo, futhi umbiko othembekile usho ukuthi yimiphi imingcele ebonwe nokuthi yimiphi engabonwanga. Ekugcineni ofuna kona isitatimende sokuthi umbono owodwa washintsha lapho kungenelelwa okukodwa, hhayi indaba ngekhebula elibi ekhushulwe yaba umthetho wendawo yonke.