Isimo se-pseudowire ngokumelene nezibali zethrafikhi: yikuphi okufakazela ukulethwa
Isimo sokusebenza sithi insizakalo ilungisiwe futhi iyasebenza; izibali zithi amafreyimu anyakazile. Hlanganisa kokubili kunkomba ye-VC futhi uhlole isiqondiso, ukungaqhubeki kanye nokusekelwa kwe-MIB.
I-pseudowire ebika ukuthi isesimweni sokuthi up ikutshela ukuthi insizakalo ikhona nokuthi zombili izinhlangothi ziyavumelana ukuthi kufanele ithwale ithrafikhi. Kodwa ayikutsheli ukuthi ngisho ifreyimu eyodwa yekhasimende yake yadlula kuyo. Izinto zesimo kanye nezinto zezibali zabhalelwa izinjongo ezahlukene, futhi ukuthatha enye njengobufakazi benye yilapho iningi lalawa madashibhodi lenza iphutha khona. Ukuziqhathanisa kungumsebenzi, ngoba ukuthembela kwenye kuphela kuphendula umbuzo ongeke wabuzwa muntu.
Isimo nezibali ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene
Umugqa oyinhloko we-VC uthwala isimo sokusebenza esihlangene, futhi leso simo siba up kuphela lapho zombili izimo zezinhlangothi zisesimweni up. Konke okungemuva kwaso ulwazi lwezinga lokulawula nokulungiselela: isekethe yokuxhuma yasendaweni, umlingani, ukusayinda. Umugqa kulesi simo uyisitatimende mayelana nenhloso nokulungela, hhayi mayelana namafreyimu adlulisiwe.
Ithrafikhi ihlala kuthebula elihlukile lezibali ezinomthamo ophezulu zamaphakethe namabhayithi, futhi leyo migqa ithwala inkomba ye-VC efanayo. Ukukhula lapho kuwubufakazi bokuthi amafreyimu adlula kulo mugqa ngqo esikhathini osikulinganisele. Isibali esingashintshi siyadideka sodwa. Insizakalo engasebenzi, umqoqi ofunda umugqa ongafanele kanye nomzila ophuke buthule konke kunikeza umugqa ofanayo oyisicaba.
| Question | Object | What it can establish |
|---|---|---|
| Is the service up? | cpwVcOperStatus | Both direction states agree the VC should carry traffic. |
| Which side is down? | cpwVcInboundOperStatus, cpwVcOutboundOperStatus | Direction of the reported fault. |
| Did frames move? | cpwVcPerfTotalTable HC counters | Observed forwarding on that row between two polls. |
| Is the interval clean? | cpwVcPerfTotalDiscontinuityTime | Whether the counter was reset inside the window. |
Funda ithebula njengezinsika ezimbili zobufakazi, hhayi njengesitebhisi esisodwa sobukhulu. I-up enezibali eziyisicaba akuyona inguqulo embi kakhulu ye-up enokukhula, kungukubona okuhlukile okunesinyathelo esilandelayo esihlukile.
Xhumanisa kunkomba ye-VC, hhayi enombolweni esethikithini
Ithebula le-VC likhonjwa ngenombolo eyodwa ephelele, futhi i-VC ID, ikheli lomlingani, uhlobo nenegama lensizakalo kuyizimfanelo zalowo mugqa. Ngalezo zimfanelo uthola insizakalo yakho; inkomba iyinto okwenza uqhubeke uyithola ngemuva kokuhlola kokuqala. Inkomba yesikhungo, igama lesekethe elibonisiwe noma ilebula ye-MPLS akuyona leyo nkomba ngisho izinombolo zivumelana.
Thola ama-OID anezinombolo kufayela le-MIB kumqoqi hhayi kusiphosti sebhulogi, bese uhamba ithebula kanye futhi ugcine ubunikazi obukutholile.
snmptranslate -On CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcIndex
snmptranslate -On CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcPerfTotalDiscontinuityTime
snmpwalk -v2c -c monitor 10.60.4.21 -On CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcTableQopha ikheli lokuphatha kanye nenkomba ndawonye kuhlelo lokubheka. Ukuphinda kunikezwe kungahambisa insizakalo kumugqa ohlukile, futhi umqoqi oxhumeke ngegama ku-VC ID uzoqhubeka ukudweba inkomba endala esaphendula ngesizotha.
Isiqondiso sisho i-pseudowire, hhayi umbhalisi
Izibali ezingenayo zichaza lokho i-VC ekuthole kunethiwekhi eguqula amaphakethe; izibali eziphumayo zichaza lokho ekudlulisele kuyo leyo nethiwekhi. Ku-PE ebheke ikhasimende, lokho kuvame ukuhambisana nokulanda nokulayisha ngokulandelana okuthile. Ku-PE emaphakathi, noma ku-PE enomlingani emgodini, amagama afanayo ezinto achaza isipiliyoni sekhasimende esiphambene.
Bhala ukuhlela kanye ngendima ngayinye yedivayisi futhi ukugcine kulebula yedashibhodi. Igrafu enesihloko sokulayisha kwekhasimende kodwa empeleni idweba ithrafikhi eya emgodini izodlula ukubuyekezwa futhi ngokuthula idukise wonke umuntu oyisebenzisayo ezinqumweni zomthamo. Ingozi efanayo isebenza kuzexwayiso ezakhiwe kulezo zingcaphuno zamagrafu, ngoba zizobiza ithimba elingalungile. Faka ilebula kugrafu ngayinye ngokwesiqondiso sokuhamba maqondana ne-pseudowire, futhi vumela ukuhlela kwekhasimende ukuthi kuhlale kuphaneli ekudingayo.
Isivivinyo esisodwa sihlula noma isiphi isilinganiso sokufunda izincazelo zezinto: donsa ifayela elaziwayo ngaleyo nsizakalo, bese uhlola zombili izinhlangothi ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, futhi ubone ukuthi yisiphi isibali esinyakazile. Qopha umphumela eceleni kwendima yedivayisi, ngoba umuntu olandelayo uzobuza umbuzo ofanayo.
Izinga lisebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwewindi elilodwa lokungaqhubeki
Bala izinga njengokunyuka kwesibali samabhayithi kuhlukaniswe ngamasekhondi adlulile, bese uphindaphinda ngesishiyagalombili ukuze uthole amabhithi ngomzuzwana. Thatha isikhathi njengesingasebenzi uma isibali sehla, i-ejenti iqale kabusha, umugqa washintsha noma into yokungaqhubeki yanyakaza. Lahla isampula bese uvula iwindi elisha esikhundleni sokudweba umvuthwandaba.
Thatha amasampula amabili anegebe elaziwayo futhi ugcine izimpawu zesikhathi kusuka kumqoqi, hhayi kumlando wetheminali yakho.
snmpget -v2c -c monitor -Oqv 10.60.4.21 CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcPerfTotalInHCBytes.7
sleep 60
snmpget -v2c -c monitor -Oqv 10.60.4.21 CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcPerfTotalInHCBytes.7
snmpget -v2c -c monitor -Oqv 10.60.4.21 CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcPerfTotalDiscontinuityTime.7Izibali ezinomthamo ophezulu zenza ukugqagqa kungabi yinkinga ku-pseudowire eyodwa, ngakho ukwehla cishe njalo kusho ukusethwa kabusha, i-ejenti eshintshiwe noma umugqa ohlukile, hhayi ukuchichima kwezibalo. Yikho lokho okwenza umyalo wesithathu ubaluleke njengemibili yokuqala.
Hlola ukuthi ukukhishwa okufakiwe kusekela ngempela ini
Incazelo ye-MIB iyincazelo esemthethweni, hhayi isethembiso ngesithombe sakho. Amathebula angasebenzi, asetshenziswe ngokwengxenye noma abe khona kodwa angagcwaliswa kuze kuvulwe isici, futhi inkundla efanayo ingahluka phakathi kwezinguqulo. Incazelo ye-CISCO-IETF-PW-MIB ikunikeza amagama ezinto; idivayisi ikutshela ukuthi ziyaphendula yini.
Hlola womabili amathebula kanye nomucu wefirmware ngokudlula okukodwa, bese uqhathanisa nalokho okushiwo inothi lokukhishwa.
snmpget -v2c -c monitor -Oqv 10.60.4.21 SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0
snmpwalk -v2c -c monitor 10.60.4.21 CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcTable | wc -l
snmpwalk -v2c -c monitor 10.60.4.21 CPW-VC-MIB::cpwVcPerfTotalTable | wc -lUkuhamba okungenalutho nokuhamba okungasekelwe yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene, ngakho funda iphutha hhayi inani lemigqa kuphela. Uma ithebula lesimo liphendula kodwa ithebula lokusebenza lingaphenduli, ukuxhumana okuklanyelwe esigabeni sokuqala akunandawo yokwehla, futhi ukulungisa ukushintshwa komqoqi hhayi kwesekethe.
Ukulandelana kwesekethe ephikisanayo kufushane: qinisekisa ubunikazi bomugqa kusuka kunkomba, qinisekisa ukuhlela kwesiqondiso ngokudluliswa okukodwa okwaziwayo, bala izinga kuphela ngaphakathi kwewindi elihlanzekile lokungaqhubeki, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi womabili amathebula ayaphendula kulokho kukhishwa. Isinyathelo ngasinye sisusa incazelo eyodwa engaba khona. Uma zozine ziqinisekile kodwa izibali zinganyakazi, ubufakazi bukhomba kude ne-pseudowire. Yilapho ukuthwebula amaphakethe kusekethe yokuxhuma kuzifakazela khona.