Indlela yokuhlela isiphakeli se-VPN esithule, esisebenzisa amandla amancane futhi esihlala sivuliwe

Isimo sokungenzi lutho yisimo ibhosikisi le-VPN lasekhaya elichitha cishe impilo yalo yonke kuso, ngakho yiso leso simo okufanele silinganiswe. Umshini ofanayo kusamele uphendule ukuxhumana, usebenzise ifayela futhi uqede ikhophi yokulondoloza ngesikhathi umhubhe uvuliwe, futhi le misebenzi emithathu idonsela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene. Ukuthula, amandla amancane nokufinyeleleka njalo kuyizici ezihlukene, futhi iphepha lemininingwane alichazi neyodwa yazo. Uma udlula izivivinyo ezingezansi ngokulandelana, isinqumo sezingxenyekazi ngeke siphenduke ukwakhiwa kabusha ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Qala ngezindima, hhayi ngezingxenye

Bhala wonke umsebenzi okufanele ibhosikisi liwufezule lapho kungekho ovivinyayo. Isango le-WireGuard noma i-OpenVPN, ukwabelana ngamafayela, indawo yekhophi yokulondoloza kanye nomsebenzi wokukhomba kunamanani aqinile ahlukene, futhi umshini owenza konke lokhu kunezinga eliphansi eliphakeme kakhulu kunalowo owenza eyokuqala kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa lapho ungenzi lutho yisamba salezi zingqa, hhayi isilinganiso sazo. Yikho lokhu okwenza amabhosikisi amabili okuthiwa anamandla amancane kokubili ahluke ngokuphindwe kathathu egumbini elilodwa.

Isinqumo sangaphambi kokuthi idatha ihlala kusiphakeli esifanayo nomhubhe siqoka konke okunye. Amasiphakeli ahlukene asho ukusetshenziswa okubili lapho kungenziwe lutho, kodwa isango elihlala livukile ngesikhathi isitoreji silele; isiphakeli esisodwa sisho ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kanye nendawo yokuhluleka eyodwa. Akukho okubi kokubili, kodwa impendulo kufanele ibhalwe ngaphambi kokuba uhlu lwezingxenye lube khona.

Linganisa lonke ibhosikisi ezimweni ezintathu

Imitha yasodongeni phakathi kwesokhethi nomthombo wamandla iyona kuphela ithuluzi eliqotho lapha, ngoba lifaka ukulahlekelwa okuguqulwayo, ukuphenduka kwediski kanye nayo yonke idivayisi ye-USB oyikhohliwe. Bhala izinombolo ezintathu: ukungenzi lutho ngomhubhe uvuliwe futhi kungenzi lutho okunye, ibhosikisi elifanayo ngaphansi kokudluliselwa kwangempela okude, kanye nebhosikisi ngesikhathi sekhophi yokulondoloza ehleliwe.

Izibali zesoftware zisiza ekuchazeni ukufundwa kwemitha yasodongeni kodwa azikuthathi indawo. Isixhumanisi se-RAPL sibika amandla ephakethe nedomena lememori, lokho akukufaki ukulahlekelwa komthombo wamandla kanye nakho konke okuxhunywe nge-USB.

read -r a < /sys/class/powercap/intel-rapl:0/energy_uj; sleep 60; read -r b < /sys/class/powercap/intel-rapl:0/energy_uj
awk -v a="$a" -v b="$b" 'BEGIN{printf "package average: %.1f W\n", (b-a)/60/1000000}'

Umsindo nawo udinga ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo. Ikhabethe elingenamafeni lisusa umthombo owodwa bese lishiya idiski eliqinile, umthombo wamandla kanye nokukhala kwamakhoyili, ngakho lalela ngesikhathi sekhophi yokulondoloza hhayi esikrinini sokungena. Izinga lokushisa likuleso sikhathi: funda izinzwa ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo, futhi ungashayi phansi isivikelo sokushisa ukuze ibhosikisi lithule kakhulu.

Guqula amawati abe unyaka ongaqhathaniswa

Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kuguqulwa kube amandla ngokuphindaphinda okukodwa, futhi ukukwenza kanye kugwema izindleko zonyaka ukuba zibe isimangaliso. Isilinganiso esiyisibonelo sika-11 W unyaka wonke sibalwa kanje.

awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.1f kWh/year at 11 W\n", 11*24*365/1000}'

Leyo nombolo iyizibalo, hhayi isilinganiso sebhokisi lakho, futhi intela oyiphinda ngayo isusa impendulo ngaphezu kwamawati ambalwa. Isibalo siwusizo ekuqhathaniseni imiklamo emibili: isango elicima u-6 W uma lingenzi lutho uma liqhathaniswa nelingu-15 W yisinqumo ongasibeka intengo. Amandla abhalwe ku-processor akuyona leyonombolo, ngoba achaza iphakethe elingaphansi komthwalo hhayi uhlelo oluphefumulayo. Sebenzisa isilinganiso semitha yasodongeni nentela yendawo, bese ubeka umphumela njengesilinganiso.

Nquma ukuthi ukulala kuvunyelwe yini

Ukulala konga amandla amaningi futhi kwephula izicatshulwa eziningi. Isiphakeli esilele asikwazi ukwamukela ukuxhumana okungena okungayivusa, futhi i-keepalive yeklayenti ayikushintshi lokho; idivayisi ehlala ivuliwe kuLAN efanayo kuphela engathumela iphakethe le-wake-on-LAN.

Uma umhubhe kufanele ufinyeleleke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, thatha ukulala njengokukhutshazwe umgomo futhi ubhale lokho kumanothi okwakha. Ukufihla izinhloso kukhwishiza, kodwa kucacile futhi kubekezelela izibuyekezo zamaphakethe kangcono kunomkhuba.

systemctl status sleep.target suspend.target
sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target
systemd-inhibit --list

I-Wake-on-LAN ifanelwe umugqa wayo kuleyo manothi ngoba yehluleka ngokuthula. Lesi sici kufanele senziwe sisebenze ku-firmware, sisebenza kuphela kwezinye izixhumanisi, futhi sidinga idivayisi esivele ivukile ukuze ithumele iphakethe. Yihlole ngaphambi kokuthembela kuyo, hhayi ngemva kohambo.

Kubonise ngaphansi komthwalo ezowubona ngempela

Isivivinyo sokugcina yileso abantu abasidlulayo: sebenzisa umthwalo obuhleliwe futhi ubheke ibhosikisi ihora. Ukudluliselwa kude, ikhophi yokulondoloza kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwenkomba ngasikhathi sinye kuzobonisa ukuthi ukupholisa, isixhumanisi kanye nesitoreji kungathwala inhlanganisela yezindima oyikhethile yini.

uptime
sensors | grep -E 'Core|Package|fan'
ss -s

Bheka futhi isixhumanisi sokungena kuwindi elifanayo, ngoba umkhawulo womthamo wokukhweza uvame ukunciphisa umthamo wokudlulisela kude kakhulu ngaphambi kwe-processor. Uma umhubhe ugcwala engxenyeni encane yalokho i-CPU engakubethela, ichiphu eshesha kakhulu ayithengi lutho neze.