Yadda za a tsara uwar garken VPN mai shiru, mai ƙarancin wuta, wanda ke aiki koyaushe

Hutawa ita ce yanayin da akwatin VPN na gida ke cinye kusan dukan rayuwarsa, don haka wannan yanayin ne ya cancanci aunawa. Dole ne wannan injin ɗin ya amsa haɗi, ya ba da fayil kuma ya kammala ajiyar bayanai yayin da ramin yake buɗe, kuma waɗannan ayyuka uku suna ja zuwa wurare daban-daban. Shiru, ƙarancin wuta da kasancewa cikin isa koyaushe abubuwa ne daban-daban, kuma takardar bayani ba ta bayyana ko ɗaya daga cikinsu. Yin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa bisa tsari yana hana shawarar kayan aiki juya zuwa sake ginawa bayan wata shida.

Fara da rawar da ake takawa, ba da sassa ba

Rubuta kowane aiki da akwatin zai yi yayin da babu wanda yake kallo. Ƙofar WireGuard ko OpenVPN, rabon fayiloli, wurin ajiyar bayanai da aikin lissafta suna da kuɗi daban-daban na dindindin, kuma injin da ke yin duka huɗu yana da ƙasa mafi girma fiye da wanda ke yin na farko kawai. Amfani a lokacin hutawa jimillar waɗannan ƙasa ne, ba matsakaicinsu ba. Shi ya sa akwatuna biyu da aka kwatanta dukansu da ƙarancin wuta za su iya bambanta da sau uku a cikin ɗaki ɗaya.

Yanke shawara da wuri ko bayanan suna rayuwa a kan uwar garke ɗaya da ramin yana takurawa duk sauran. Uwayen garke daban suna nufin amfani biyu a lokacin hutawa, amma ƙofar da ke farkawa yayin da ajiya ke barci; uwar garke ɗaya tana nufin amfani ɗaya da yankin gazawa ɗaya. Babu wanda ke da laifi, amma dole ne a rubuta amsar kafin jerin sassa ya kasance.

A auna dukan akwatin a yanayi uku

Mita na bango tsakanin toshe da mai ba da wuta shi ne kawai kayan aiki mai gaskiya a nan, domin yana haɗa da asarar juyawa, juyawar faifai da kowace na'urar USB da ka manta. Rubuta lambobi uku: hutawa da ramin a buɗe ba tare da wani abu yana gudana ba, wannan akwatin a ƙarƙashin ainihin canjin nesa, da akwatin yayin ajiyar bayanai da aka tsara.

Ƙididdigar software suna taimakawa wajen bayyana karatun mita amma ba su maye gurbinsa. Haɗin RAPL yana ba da labarin makamashin fakiti da yankin ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ke ware asarar mai ba da wuta da duk abin da aka haɗa ta USB.

read -r a < /sys/class/powercap/intel-rapl:0/energy_uj; sleep 60; read -r b < /sys/class/powercap/intel-rapl:0/energy_uj
awk -v a="$a" -v b="$b" 'BEGIN{printf "package average: %.1f W\n", (b-a)/60/1000000}'

Hayaniya tana buƙatar irin wannan kulawa. Akwatin da ba shi da fan yana cire tushe ɗaya kuma yana barin faifai mai wuya, mai ba da wuta da ƙarar murfin waya, don haka saurare yayin ajiyar bayanai ba a kan allon shiga ba. Zazzabi yana cikin wannan zagaye: karanta na'urorin auna a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai ɗorewa, kuma kada ka taɓa kashe kariyar zafi don sa akwatin ya fi shiru.

Maida watts zuwa shekara da za ka iya kwatanta

Amfani mai ci gaba yana juya zuwa makamashi da ninkawa ɗaya, kuma yin haka sau ɗaya yana hana kuɗin shekara zama abin mamaki. Matsakaicin misali na 11 W a cikin cikakkiyar shekara ana lissafta shi kamar haka.

awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.1f kWh/year at 11 W\n", 11*24*365/1000}'

Wannan adadi lissafi ne, ba auna akwatinka ba, kuma kuɗin da ka ninka shi da shi yana motsa amsar fiye da watts biyu. Amfanin lissafin shine kwatanta ƙira biyu: ƙofar da ke hutawa da 6 W da wadda ke da 15 W shawara ce da za ka iya sa mata farashi. Ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade na processor ba wannan adadi ba ne, domin yana kwatanta fakiti a ƙarƙashin nauyi ba tsarin da ke hutawa ba. Yi amfani da matsakaicin mita na bango tare da kuɗin gida, kuma saka sakamakon a matsayin kimantawa.

Yanke shawara ko an yarda da bacci

Bacci yana adana mafi yawan makamashi kuma yana karya mafi yawan zato. Uwar garke da ke barci ba za ta iya karɓar haɗin da zai tada ta ba, kuma keepalive na abokin ciniki ba ya canza hakan; sai na'urar da ke aiki koyaushe a cikin LAN ɗaya za ta iya aika fakitin wake-on-LAN.

Idan dole ne a sami ramin a kowace awa, ɗauki bacci a matsayin wanda manufa ta kashe kuma rubuta haka a bayanan gini. Rufe manufofi hanya ce marar taushi, amma a bayyane take kuma tana jure sabunta fakiti fiye da al'ada.

systemctl status sleep.target suspend.target
sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target
systemd-inhibit --list

Wake-on-LAN ya cancanci layinsa a cikin waɗannan bayanan saboda yana gazawa a shiru. Dole ne a kunna fasalin a cikin firmware, yana aiki ne kawai a wasu hanyoyin, kuma yana buƙatar na'urar da ta riga ta farka don aika fakitin. Gwada shi kafin ka dogara da shi, ba bayan tafiya ba.

Tabbatar da shi a ƙarƙashin aikin da zai gani da gaske

Gwajin ƙarshe shine wanda mutane ke tsallakewa: gudanar da aikin da aka yi niyya kuma kalli akwatin na awa ɗaya. Canjin nesa, ajiyar bayanai da sake gina lissafi a lokaci ɗaya za su nuna ko sanyaya, hanyar sadarwa da ajiya za su iya ɗaukar haɗin rawar da ka zaɓa.

uptime
sensors | grep -E 'Core|Package|fan'
ss -s

Kalli hanyar shiga a cikin wannan taga, domin fadin band ɗin sama yakan iyakance jigilar nesa da wuri fiye da processor. Idan ramin ya cika a wani kaso na abin da CPU zai iya ɓoyewa, chip mai sauri ba ya saya kome.