Ithungele elingenalo inombolo: lilibolela ikuphi ikheli?

Ithungele elingenalo inombolo ligxuma isinyathelo lapho wenza khona i-subnet ye-interface enengqondo, kodwa aligxumi ukwabiwa kwekheli ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa kusadinga ubunikazi be-IP basendaweni, ngakho liboleka ikheli lenye i-interface esilungisiwe. Lowo mnikezi manje uyingxenye yedizayini yakho: uma ikheli lakhe lishintsha noma i-interface yakhe inyakaza, ukuziphatha kwe-IP kwithungele kuyalandela. Izinqumo ezintathu ziyahlangana emibhalweni eminingi, futhi ukuzihlukanisa kugwema ukulungiselelwa okubonakala kulungile kodwa okungahambisi lutho.

Thatha umnikezi njengokukhetha kwedizayini, hhayi njengemininingwane yomusho.

Izindima ezintathu zekheli, zigcinwe zehlukene

Umthombo wangaphandle yikheli elithwala amaphakethe kwithungele ukunqamula ungqimba olungaphansi, futhi yilona okumelwe ukuthi umlingani akwazi ukulifinyelela. Ikheli elibolekiwe ubunikazi i-interface enengqondo engenalo inombolo elisebenzisayo ekucubunguleni i-IP ngemuva kokuthi amaphakethe ehlakazekile. Izandiso ezivikelwe yizinkundla ze-LAN okufanele ukuthi izinto ezihambayo zazo zeqe ithungele, futhi zimenyezwa iphrothokholi yomzila, hhayi ngekheli lethungele. Ukumaka i-interface njengengenalo inombolo akunikezi noma iyiphi yalezi zindima kwezinye.

Lokho kwehlukanisa kuchaza ukudideka okuvamile: ukuboleka ikheli akunikezi yonke ingxenye ye-Ethernet yomnikezi kumlingani okude.

Ukukhetha i-interface yomnikezi

I-loopback ngokuvamile ingumnikezi ongcono ngoba ikheli layo lizinzile, ihlala ivuliwe futhi ayincikile kunoma yisiphi isixhumanisi esisodwa somzimba. Ukuboleka kwi-interface ye-LAN kuhlanganisa ithungele nesimo saleyo interface nokwabiwa kwekheli, okuwukushintshana kokusebenza okuhlukile: kukahle elabhorathri, kuyantenga uma i-LAN inikezwa amakheli amasha. Qinisekisa ukuthi ipulatifomu isekela ukusebenza okungenalo inombolo ohlotsheni lwethungele olwakhayo ngaphambi kokukhetha noma yikuphi.

Noma yimuphi umnikezi omkhethayo, wubhale phansi njengokuncika kurekhodi yoshintsho eceleni kokulungiselelwa kwethungele uqobo.

Lungisa futhi ufunde ithungele kabusha

Isibonelo esingezansi ithungele le-GRE elinamaphoyinti amaningi kumarutha omndeni we-IOS, eliboleka i-loopback futhi liqondisa umthombo walo wangaphandle kwi-interface yongqimba olungaphansi. Ubunikazi be-NHRP buhlukile kukheli elibolekiwe futhi kufanele kulungiselelwe ngokucacile.

interface Loopback0
 ip address 10.255.255.1 255.255.255.255
interface Tunnel0
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 tunnel source GigabitEthernet0/0
 tunnel mode gre multipoint
 ip nhrp network-id 100
! verify
show interfaces Tunnel0 | include line protocol|Tunnel source
show ip interface brief | include Tunnel|Loopback
show ip nhrp

Qala ngokufunda umugqa we-interface: ithungele elingenalo inombolo elibika ukuthi liku-down ngeke lihambise ngomzila kungakhathaliseki ikheli elibolekiwe. Bese uhlola ukuthi umnikezi uvuliwe nokuthi ikheli lakhe yilona obekuhlosiwe, ngoba i-loopback enikezwe ikheli kabusha ishintsha buthule ubunikazi ithungele elikwethulayo.

Qedela ngokuhlola ithebula lomzila lezandiso ezivikelwe kanye nobumelwane phezu kwethungele, ngoba isimo se-interface esilungile asibonisi ukufinyeleleka kwakho kokubili.

Okungakunikezi ikheli elibolekiwe

I-DMVPN idinga ukubhaliswa kwe-NHRP namamephu ukuze ama-spoke akwazi ukuthola amanye; umugqa ongenalo inombolo awunikezi lutho kulokho. Ukuqinisekisa, ukudluliswa okuvunyelwe kanye nemizila yokubuya kusadingeka, futhi iphrothokholi yomzila kufanele yakhe ubumelwane ngaphesheya kwethungele ngaphambi kokushintshana nganoma yisiphi isandiso. Ngakunye kwalokhu kungahluleka ngenkathi i-interface ibika ukuthi ivuliwe, yingakho ukuqinisekisa kuhamba kusuka kukheli kuya kumephu kuye emzileni.

I-sintaksi yemiyalo kanye nemithetho yokwabiwa kwekheli nakho kuyahluka ngokomkhiqizo nokukhishwa, ngakho vumelana nemodeli ye-interface yedivayisi ephambi kwakho esikhundleni sokukopisha ukulungiselelwa okuvela kwenye ipulatifomu. Umgomo ungafana ngezinye izikhathi kodwa imigqa edingekayo ingafani.

Bhala umnikezi, umthombo wangaphandle kanye nezandiso ezimenyeziwe emibhalweni yethungele, bese ufaka ukuhlola okukodwa okwehluleka ngomsindo uma ikheli lomnikezi lishintsha. Lokho kuhlola okukodwa kubamba indlela yokwehluleka evame ukufihlwa kakhulu yizakhiwo ezingenalo inombolo.