I-OpenVPN ixwayisa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-MTU okungahambisani: yini umlayezo oyiqhathanisayo
Isixwayiso siqhathanisa izinketho zozakwethu, hhayi usayizi wamaphakethe. Hlukanisa inani le-link-mtu elidala enkingeni yangempela ye-MTU endleleni, bese uhlola ngesihloli esibheka usayizi.
Leso sixwayiso sibika ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwezinketho zozakwethu, hhayi isilinganiso sendlela ephakathi kwabo. Abantu basifunda ngokuthi «i-MTU ayilungile» futhi bashintsha inombolo kuze kunyamalale umugqa. Lokho kubheka ukuqhathaniswa kwesimo njengesilinganiso senethiwekhi, futhi kuvame ukwenza umhubhe ube mubi kakhulu ngenkathi kwenza ilogi ithule. Isinyathelo sokuqala esiwusizo ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi yalezi zinkinga ezimbili onawo ngempela.
Imibandela emithathu inquma impendulo: yini ozakwethu abayiqhathanisayo, ukuthi inani lidala yini, nokuthi yiluphi uphawu olukhona ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.
Isixwayiso siqhathanisa izinketho, hhayi amaphakethe
Ozakwethu be-OpenVPN bashintshana ngezintambo zezinketho zabo ngesikhathi sokuxhawulana futhi baziqhathanisa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kokuvumelana kwezinketho. Lapho uhlangothi olulodwa lubika i-link-mtu noma i-tun-mtu ngendlela ehlukile kunolunye, ukungavumelani kubhalwa nakho kokubili amanani. Lokho kushintshana akukaze kuthumele iphakethe elikhulu ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani, ngakho isixwayiso sichaza isimo hhayi umthamo. Umhubhe ungathwala ithrafikhi yosayizi ogcwele futhi usayiphrinta, noma wehluleke kumaphakethe amakhulu futhi ungaphrinti lutho.
Gcina isixwayiso esigcwele kanye nenani lasekhaya nelikude. Ipheya iwubufakazi; hhayi inombolo eyodwa oyikhumbulayo.
Kungani i-link-mtu isiphelelwe yisikhathi
I-OpenVPN 2.6 imemezela i-link-mtu njengephelelwe yisikhathi ngoba izihloko eziguqukayo kanye namakhodi okubhala okuxoxiwe ngawo kwenza inani eliqinile lokuxhumana lingathembeki. Le nketho yayicabanga ukuhlelwa kwephakethe iphrothokholi engasalunikezeli isiqinisekiso, ngakho iphrofayela endala ephethe i-link-mtu ngokwezwi nezwi ichaza inhloso ikhodi yamanje engakwazi ukuyifeza. Ukukopisha leyo nombolo kuphrofayela entsha kusabalalisa umqondo ophelelwe yisikhathi. Yifunde njengengxenye yomlando wephrofayela endala, hhayi njengesincomo.
Ukuhlolwa kokuvumelana kunevani lokuzikhethela le-OCC elixhunywe ku-tun-mtu, elishintsha okushiwo kuqhathaniswa ngaphandle kokushintsha okuthwalwa inethiwekhi. Ukulibeka akwenzi amaphakethe amakhulu angena.
Lungisa iphrofayela ngaphambi kokuhlola indlela
Lungisa ukungavumelani okungahlosiwe ngomuntu ongumnikazi wamaphrofayela, futhi khumbula ukuthi ushintsho ohlangothini lweseva luthinta wonke iklayenti. Hlela iphrofayela elilayishwa ngempela isikhungo, hhayi okukhishwe okusefolda yokulanda. Bese uxhuma kabusha iklayenti elilodwa lokuhlola futhi uphawule ukuthi yisiphi isixwayiso esisala. Uma umlayezo ushintsha ukuma esikhundleni sokunyamalala, uqhathanisa izinketho ezihlukile kulezo ozicabangayo.
Iseva eyabiwe idinga ukuthi uhlu lwayo lwamaklayenti luhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba inani lomhlaba wonke lisuswe, ngoba inani elilungele indawo eyodwa lingonakalisa enye.
Bese uhlola uphawu onalo ngempela
Uma ukudluliswa okukhulu kumile ngenkathi izicelo ezincane ziphumelela, linganisa usayizi wephakethe ngokumelene nendawo ekhonjiswayo. Isihloli esibeka ibhithi «ungahlukanisi» futhi sandisa usayizi womthwalo sithola i-MTU esebenzisekayo yendlela ngokuthembeka okukhulu kune-ping evele iphumelele. Faka ekuhloleni nohlelo olwehlulayo: isikhathi sokuphela se-ICMP singabonisa ukuhlungwa, futhi i-ping encane ephumelele ayisho lutho ngephakethe lohlelo losayizi ogcwele.
mssfix ikhawulela i-MSS emenyezelwe yeengxoxo ze-TCP ngaphakathi komhubhe, okusiza i-TCP futhi akwenzi lutho ngomthwalo we-UDP wangaphakathi. Izilungiselelo zokuhlukanisa nokwehlisa zinemitbandela yazo yokuhambisana. Khetha indlela eyodwa yenkinga efakazelwe esikhundleni sokushintsha ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze uthulise umugqa welogi.
Gcina amanani asebenzayo kanye nomphumela
Bhala amanani asebenzayo okuqala nelungisiwe eceleni komphumela wokudluliswa kwangempela. Yilelo pheya elihlukanisa inketho yephrofayela ephelelwe yisikhathi enkingeni ye-MTU yendlela ekhona ngokuzimela. Ngaphandle kwalo, umfundi olandelayo ubona isixwayiso esinyamalele futhi acabange ukuthi inethiwekhi ishintshile.
Ukucindezela ukuhlolwa kokuvumelana akuxolelanisi lutho. Kususa ukubonwa futhi kushiya zombili izilungiselelo njengoba zazinjalo.