Ukulawula kwe-NetworkManager okumpunga? Hlola ubunikazi ngaphambi kwezimvume

Isishintshi esifile singaba idivayisi engaphethwe, i-ejenti yokugunyaza engekho, noma ipulagini yomhleli engekho. Izimiso ezintathu zokufunda kuphela zitshela ukuthi iyiphi.

Izishintshi ze-VPN eziphenduke zimpunga kumenyu yedeskithophu zibika ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi azisho lutho ngokuthi yini. Lokho kuwukubona, hhayi ukuxilonga. Imingcele emithathu ehlukene ingaveza ukulawula okufile okufanayo: i-NetworkManager kungenzeka ukuthi ayinayo idivayisi, isikhathi sokusebenza kungenzeka singenalo ilungelo lokuyishintsha, noma ipulagini yomhleli we-VPN kungenzeka ukuthi ayifakiwe nhlobo. Ukushintsha umngcele ongafanele yikho okwenza ukulungisa kwemizuzu emihlanu kube ngentambama yonke yokufaka kabusha amaphakethe.

Izimiso ezintathu zokufunda kuphela zihlukanisa amacala ngaphambi kokuba kushintshwe noma yini.

Buza imibuzo emithathu ngokulandelana

nmcli device status
nmcli general permissions
nmcli connection show

Lezi yizimiso zokuhlola zohlelo olusebenzisa ngempela i-NetworkManager, futhi kuphephile ukuzisebenzisa njengomsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Gcina imininingwane yoxhumano eyimfihlo kude namarekhodi omphakathi uma unamathisela umphumela noma kuphi.

Isimo sedivayisi siphendula ukuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo siyaphathwa futhi siyasebenziseka yini. Umbono wezimvume uphendula ukuthi isikhathi esibizayo sivunyelwe ukwenzani. Uhlu loxhumano lubonisa ukuthi yimaphi amaphrofayili akhona; alufakazi ukuthi ipulagini yomhleli we-VPN noma yokungenisa efanele ifakiwe.

Ubunikazi nezimvume kungamaphutha ahlukene

Idivayisi emakwe njengengaphethwe ingaphandle kokulawula kwe-NetworkManager, futhi akukho nani lezimvume elizokwenza isishintshi esisebenzayo. Ipulagini ye-ifupdown ingesinye sezizathu ezijwayelekile: isilungiselelo sayo esithi managed sinquma ukuthi izingeno ezikusefayela le-interfaces ziphathwa kanjani, futhi ingxenye esele ingagcina isixhumi esibonakalayo ngaphansi kwethuluzi elidala. Ukuba khona kwefayela akusiyo imiyalo yokuthi kususwe okuqukethwe kwayo, futhi ukususa izingeno ongazange uzibhale kuyindlela enhle yokulahlekelwa uxhumano.

Imvume iyi-eksisi ehlukile. I-NetworkManager igunyaza ababiza abangeyona i-root nge-PolicyKit, futhi impendulo ebikiwe ingaba yes, auth noma no. Isikhathi esingenayo i-ejenti yokuqinisekisa sibika i-auth bese sihluleka buthule kudeskithophu, okubonakala njengokulawula okugqekeziwe hhayi i-ejenti engekho.

Ungalungisi noma iyiphi yazo ngokusebenzisa ideskithophu njenge-root

Ukusebenzisa sonke isikhathi njenge-root ukuze isishintshi esisodwa sisebenze kushintsha imodeli yezokuphepha yohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye emshinini. Kubuye kufihle ukumiswa okungalungile okuyisisekelo esikhundleni kokukubhala phansi. Uma isenzo sidinga ukugunyazwa kwezokuphatha, lowo umklamo ohlosiwe, futhi ukulungisa kungokwenqubomgomo noma indlela i-ejenti eqalwa ngayo.

Ngokufanayo, ungayiqalisi ikhophi yesibili ye-NetworkManager noma i-daemon eyincintisana nayo. Abaphathi ababili abaphikisana ngedivayisi eyodwa bakhiqiza isimo okunzima ukucabanga ngaso futhi okunzima kakhulu ukusisekela. Uma i-daemon yesibili ibonakala iyindlela kuphela yokubuyisa ukulawula, ukumiswa komphathi wokuqala yikho okufanele kulungiswe. Misa i-daemon eyengeziwe ngaphambi kokushintsha enye into, kungenjalo ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kuzokala kokubili ngasikhathi sinye.

Umbuzo wepulagini umayelana nomhleli futhi

Ukwakha noma ukungenisa uxhumano lwe-VPN kudinga ipulagini ehlinzeka ngalolo hlobo loxhumano, futhi kudeskithophu ngokuvamile kudinga nokuhlanganiswa komhleli. Iphakethe lohlangothi lwensizakalo lingaba khona kuyilapho ifomu lomhleli lingekho, yingakho ingeno yemenyu ingaba khona futhi yehluleke. Hlola izingxenye zombili ngokusho kokufakwa kwephakethe kokusabalalisa esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi iphakethe elilodwa lifaka konke.

Ibhayinari yeklayenti ezimele nayo ayisobufakazi. Ukufaka ibhayinari ye-OpenVPN ngokwako akunikezi umhleli wedeskithophu ifomu lokwakha iphrofayili ye-OpenVPN.

Lungisa umngcele onomthwalo wemfanelo, bese uqinisekisa

Uma usazi ukuthi umuphi umngcele ongafanele, shintsha lowo kuphela. Ukumaka idivayisi njengephethwe, ukunikeza imvume, noma ukufaka iphakethe lomhleli kuyizinto ezintathu ezihlukene ezinamaphrofayili amathathu ahlukene engcuphe, futhi ukuzixuba kwenza umphumela ungenakunikezwa. Uma ubunikazi kufanele budluliswe, kwenze ngokufinyelela kwekhonsoli noma kwangaphandle kwebanda okutholakalayo, ngoba iphutha lapho lingasusa inethiwekhi oyisebenzisayo ukuyilungisa.

Bese uqinisekisa nge-akhawunti yangempela nephrofayili yangempela: qinisekisa umzila, umbono we-DNS, nokuthi imfihlo igcinwa kuphi. Izinkinobho ezivuliwe ziyisimo sesixhumi esibonakalayo, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi ithaneli iyasebenza. Bhala isimo sedivayisi, impendulo yemvume, kanye nenguqulo yepulagini kuthikithi, ukuze umuntu olandelayo azi ukuthi umuphi umngcele oshintshile ngempela.

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