Ukuqapha i-interface yethunjini le-IPsec: yini okufanele uyifunde

Idizayini ye-IPsec esekelwe emizileni ifaka i-interface ebonakalayo, futhi leyo interface inikeza ukuqapha into eqondile: into enegama, izibali kanye nomzila oxhunyiwe kuyo. Akuwona umqondo wempilo ngokwawo. I-interface ingaba khona kuyilapho kungekho nhlangano esebenzisekayo efakiwe, futhi inhlangano ingaba nempilo kuyilapho kungekho mzila othumela ithrafiki enentshisekelo kuyo. Ukufunda izimo ezine ndawonye yikho okuguqula isibali samaphakethe sibe ukuxilonga.

Zidlule ngokulandelana futhi ume kokokuqala okwehlulekayo.

Yini i-interface eyenezayo esithombeni

Kudizayini esekelwe kumgomo, ukukhetha kuhlala kuthebula lomgomo we-IPsec futhi i-kernel inquma ukuthi yini evikelekile ngokusekelwe kuzikhethi zethrafiki. Idizayini esekelwe emizileni yenezela i-interface kanye nomzila, ngakho i-tcpdump nezibali ze-interface zibona umngcele owodwa esikhundleni seqoqo lezikhethi. Lolu inzuzo yangempela ekuxilongeni nasezinhlelweni zomzila ezidinga i-interface ukuze zenze i-peering.

Inzuzo ingeyokuphatha, hhayi eye-cryptography. I-interface ibika ithrafiki eyithwalayo futhi ayisho lutho mayelana nokuthi ukuvikelwa kukalingani kuyasebenza yini njengamanje.

Funda izimo ezine ngaphambi kokusola ithunji

Qala nge-interface nomzila, bese kuba yinhlangano, bese kuba uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngakunye kunomyalo wakho kanye nophawu lwakho lokwehluleka. Umphumela ohlanzekile kungqimba elilodwa awuwona umphumela ohlanzekile kokulandelayo. Sebenzisa zonke ezine ngaphambi kokufinyelela esiphethweni. Umugqa owodwa oluhlaza awuvamile ukunquma into.

ip -s link show xfrm0
ip route get 10.20.30.40
ip xfrm state
ip xfrm policy
swanctl --list-sas
tcpdump -ni xfrm0 -c 20 host 10.20.30.40

I-interface enesibali esikhulayo kodwa engenaso isingeniso sesimo esihambisanayo ichaza ithrafiki engena emzileni okungekho lutho oluyivikelayo, futhi lokho kubi kune-thunji elivele lawa. Isingeniso sesimo esingenamzila okhetha i-interface sisho ukuthi i-cryptography isilungile futhi ayisetshenziswanga.

Ukuhlolwa kohlelo lokusebenza kuza ekugcineni futhi ngamabomu: i-ping ephumelelayo eya kolunye uhlangothi lwethunji ayifakazi ukuthi isevisi engemuva kwayo yamukela ukuxhumana.

Qhathanisa izibali zangaphakathi nezingaphandle

Izibali ku-interface yethunji zikala ithrafiki yangaphakathi; izibali nokuthwebula ku-interface yomzimba kukhombisa ukushintshana okufakiwe. Zombili ngeke zihambisane ngakunye-ngakunye, ngoba ukufaka kunezela izihloko, ukuthumela kabusha kuphindaphinda amaphakethe athile futhi ukubalwa kokusetshenziswa kulandela imithetho yako. Lindela isilinganiso, hhayi ukulingana.

Indawo yokuthwebula nayo inquma ukuthi iyiphi idatha eyimfihlo oyiqoqayo, ngakho sebenzisa izihlungi ezincane kanye nekheli lokuhlola elingenabungozi esikhundleni sokuthwebula okuphelele kwethrafiki yokukhiqiza.

Uma izibali zangaphakathi zikhuphuka kanti ezingaphandle azikhuphuki, isinyathelo esingekho ngokuvamile umzila noma umgomo othumela amaphakethe ethunjini, hhayi ithunji uqobo.

Kubheke phakathi kokuvuselelwa kokhiye nokudlula esipele

Bheka ukuvuselelwa kokhiye, isigameko sokutholwa kukalingani oshonile kanye nokudlula esipele kwexhumanisi ngenkathi ugada izimo ezine ezifanayo. I-interface ingahlala ikhona phakathi kokuvuselelwa kokhiye okungapheli, futhi ukudlula esipele kungashiya isingeniso sesimo sikhomba ekhelini likalingani elingasafinyeleleki.

Khipha isexwayiso emzileni wesevisi oqinisisekile ngawo ngempela, usebenzisa isimo senhlangano njengomongo, hhayi eflegeni elilodwa lokhuya phezulu noma phansi. Gcina igama le-interface, ikheli likalingani kanye nomzila kumthwalo wesexwayiso ukuze ophendulayo angadingi ukuzakha kabusha.

I-strongSwan ibhala imodeli yayo ye-interface ye-XFRM, kanti ezinye izinkundla ziqamba futhi zisebenzise ngendlela ehlukile into efanayo. Funda ukuqhathaniswa okusekelwe emizileni kwedivayisi ephambi kwakho ngaphambi kokudlulisa izicabango ezivela kolunye ukuqaliswa. Isifanekiso sokuqapha esihambisana nezibali zomthengisi oyedwa sizokhohlisa buthule komunye.