Kungani i-route -interface ingafinyeleli ihosti engaphandle kwesixhumanisi

I-route yamukela igama le-interface ye-Wi-Fi, iphuma ngaphandle kokukhononda, futhi ihosti ihlala ingafinyeleleki. Akukho okonakele; ubudlelwano obusendleleni bumsulwa nje: ifulegi le-interface lisho ukuthi indawo ekuyiwa kuyo isesixhumanisini siphi, hhayi ukuthi iyiphi i-router okufanele yamukele ithrafikhi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo esendaweni enye. Umyalo uphumelela ngoba ulungile ngokohlelo lolimi, hhayi ngoba uchaza indlela esebenzayo.

Lowo mehluko unquma ukuthi ukuhlukile komzila eceleni kwe-VPN kuzosebenza noma kuzobonakala kukholakala kuphela.

I-interface iwukuphuma, igxathu elilandelayo ukudluliswa

Ku-Mac enekheli elingu-192.168.50.20 ne-router ku-192.168.50.1, omunye umshini kulo lowo sixhumanisi ufinyeleleka ngqo. Ifreyimu ibhekiswa kulo lowo mshini futhi ibekwe entanjeni. Ayikho i-router ehilelekile, futhi umzila okhawulelwe ku-interface uveza khona lokho. Shintsha umkhawulo okude ube ihosti kwesinye isakhiwo futhi lowo myalo awusenangqondo. I-Mac ayinayo ikheli lezinga lesibili elingabekwa entanjeni, ngakho ifulegi le-interface alinakho okuzokuchaza.

Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo engaphandle kwesixhumanisi yehlukile. I-Mac ayikwazi ukubeka entanjeni ifreyimu ebhekiswe kuhosti engayifinyeleli ezingeni lesibili; idlulisela iphakethe ku-router ekwaziyo. Ngakho umzila udinga isango, futhi isango ngokwalo kufanele lifinyeleleke kusixhumanisi esixhunyiwe.

Ukusebenzisa ifulegi le-interface endaweni ekuyiwa kuyo engaphandle kwesixhumanisi kutshela i-macOS ukuthi ithathe leyo ndawo njengokungathi isentambo. Khona-ke i-kernel yehluleka ukuxazulula ikheli lezinga lesibili yayo, futhi iphakethe liyalahlwa ngaphandle kwanoma yini ewusizo emsebenzini.

Ifulegi le-interface lisho ini ngempela

Incwadi yereferensi yemizila ye-Apple ichaza uhlobo lwe-interface ezindaweni ekuyiwa kuzo ezifinyeleleka ngqo ngaphandle komlamuli. Lesi isitatimende mayelana nemodeli yesixhumanisi, hhayi ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi i-adaptha okufanele isetshenziswe. Ukufinyelela ihosti ye-inthanethi nge-Wi-Fi kusadinga i-router kuleso sixhumanisi se-Wi-Fi, futhi umzila kufanele uyibize.

Ububanzi be-interface isici esihlukile. Sihlanganisa umzila ne-interface ethile ezinqumweni zobubanzi ezifana nokuthi iyiphi ikheli lomthombo elisebenza, kodwa akudali ukufinyeleleka endaweni ekuyiwa kuyo i-interface engakwazi ukuyifinyelela ngokwayo. Lezi zici ezimbili ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene.

Yingakho umyalo ungamukelwa, uvele kuthebula futhi wehluleke. I-kernel ayiqinisekisi inhloso yakho; ibhala lokho okushilo, futhi isitatimende sasiwukuthi indawo ekuyiwa kuyo isesixhumanisini. Impumelelo ethule elandelwa ukulahlwa okuthule ingumphumela olindelekile, hhayi iphutha. Funda lesi sitatimende futhi kuwe ngaphambi kokusola inethiwekhi.

Umzila odingwa indawo ekuyiwa kuyo engaphandle kwesixhumanisi

Ngendlela egunyaziwe eya ekhelini lokubhalwa njengelingu-198.51.100.25 nge-router ye-LAN, ubudlelwano obuhlosiwe yindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, igxathu elilandelayo elingu-192.168.50.1, kanye ne-interface ye-LAN efinyelela lelo gxathu. I-interface iyacatshangelwa wukuseshwa kwegxathu elilandelayo hhayi ukuphoqwa umyalo womzila.

Ku-macOS ukuhlola okufundwayo kuphela i-route -n get 198.51.100.25. Funda imigqa yesango ne-interface ndawonye futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isango likheli i-Mac engalifinyelela ngempela. Isango kwenye i-subnet, noma elinyamalele kusukela kushintsho lokugcina lenethiwekhi, likhiqiza umzila obonakala ulungile futhi ongadlulisi lutho.

Ungafaki ngekhodi eqinile i-en0 emyalweni ohlala njalo. Amagama e-interface ashintsha ngama-adaptha, amadokhi namaklayenti e-VPN, futhi umzila obiza okungalungile wehluleka ngendlela okulula ukuyifunda njengokonakala okubanzi kwenethiwekhi.

Funda ukukhetha kwamanje ngaphambi kokukushintsha

Ngaphambi kokwengeza noma yini, hlola ukuthi uhlelo selukhethe ini nokuthi kungani. Lokho kuphuma kukutshela ukuthi ithrafikhi ihamba ngomhubhe, nge-router ye-LAN noma ayi ndawo, futhi kukunikeza isisekelo sokuqhathanisa ngemva koshintsho. Ngaphandle kwakho awukwazi ukusho ukuthi umzila omusha usebenzile.

Bese uhlola umndeni wamakheli. Umzila owengezwe we-IPv4 awenzi lutho endaweni ekuyiwa kuyo ye-IPv6, futhi isevisi exazulula kuyo yomibili imindeni ingabonakala ifinyeleleka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ithebula lemizila nesixazululi ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene, futhi kokubili kufanele kuvumelane nomzila ohlosiwe.

Ekugcineni, khumbula ukuthi umzila ukukhetha, hhayi imvume. Iphrofayela ye-VPN elawulwayo noma isihlungi sekliyenti kusengavimbela indlela eqondile ngisho nalapho ithebula likhomba kuyo, ngakho hlola ngohlelo lokusebenza lwangempela esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi ukufakwa kuthebula okuphumelelayo kuqeda uphenyo.

Imihubhe nemigomo kushintsha isimo

Ama-interface ephoyinti-kuya-iphoyinti ayicala lawo. Umhubhe ungathwala umzila ngaphandle kwekheli lesango lesitayela se-Ethernet, futhi lokho akulona iphutha ngokuzenzakalela. Sebenzisa imodeli yangempela yesixhumanisi se-interface esikhundleni sokunweba isibonelo se-Wi-Fi kukho konke ukufakwa kuthebula okubonayo.

Ezimkicweni zoshintsho, bhala indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, umzila wenethiwekhi ogunyaziwe, isango ne-interface zamanje, nokuthi ubani olindeleke ukuthi anakekele ukuhlukile. Umnikazi ubalulekile ngoba umzila wesikhathi esisodwa obhalwe kuphrompthi awuwona umgomo, futhi ukuxhumeka kabusha okulandelayo kuzowususa.

Uma imfuneko iwukufinyelela le hosit ngesikhathi i-VPN ivuliwe, impendulo eqotho ngokuvamile ingumzila wehosti othile onqamula i-router yasendaweni, ofakwa umphathi wenethiwekhi ophethe i-interface. Uma imfuneko iwukufinyelela noma yini ngqo, imfuneko ngokwayo idinga ukubuyekezwa komgomo ngaphambi kokudinga umyalo womzila.