Ifayela le-resolver ye-macOS yedomena yasendaweni eceleni kwe-VPN

I-VPN yakho yomsebenzi ixazulula amagama enkampani ngokuphelele kuyilapho iphrinta yasekhaya ihlala ingafinyeleleki ngegama, futhi isixazululo esivamile abantu abasisebenzisayo ukukhomba i-Mac yonke kwi-router yasekhaya. Lokho kushintsho olukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okudingwa inkinga. I-macOS ingathumela isijobelelo se-DNS esisodwa kuseva yayo ngokusebenzisa ifayela elincane le-resolver, ishiya zonke ezinye izingcingo zisendaweni yazo ngqo.

Umngcele wemvume uza kuqala: lokhu kwenzelwe idomena oyiphathayo noma ogunyaziwe ukuyilungisa. Akulona icebo lokugudla inqubomgomo ye-DNS ephoqelelwa yinhlangano noma imikhawulo yayo yenethiwekhi yasendaweni.

Ifayela elilodwa elinomsebenzi omncane

Ake sithi isifunda sasendaweni yi-lab.example.org futhi iseva yaso iphendula ku-192.168.55.1. Ku-Mac lapho uvunyelwe khona ukwenza ushintsho, umlawuli udala ifayela lombhalo olula elinegama eliyidomena ngokwayo, /etc/resolver/lab.example.org, eliqukethe umugqa owodwa we-nameserver 192.168.55.1. Le ndawo yamafayela ingase ingabi khona kusistimu entsha, ngakho yidale ngamalungelo omlawuli, futhi bheka ngaphambi kokubhala uma isofthiwe yokuphatha isivele inefayela lapho.

Imibhalo yokucushwa kwe-resolver yakwa-Apple ichaza umkhuba wokuthi igama lefayela linikeza idomena uma kungabonakali silungiselelo sedomena esihlukile ngaphakathi kwefayela. Lowo mthetho wokuqamba amagama uyiwo wonke amaqhinga, futhi yingakho ifayela kufanele liqanjwe ngesifunda hhayi ngeseva.

Indlela i-macOS ekhetha ngayo phakathi kwama-resolver

Kungase kusebenze iklayenti le-resolver elingaphezu kwelilodwa, futhi kuwina idomena elihambisana kakhulu ngokukhethekile. Ngakho i-resolver ye-lab.example.org inobubanzi obuhlukile kune-resolver ezenzakalelayo, futhi isizinda esingaphansi esikhethekile kakhulu esinefayela laso singaphinda sithole ukubaluleka. Yilokhu okuvumela i-VPN yomsebenzi ukuthi igcine isijobelelo sayo ngenkathi isifunda sakho selabhu siya kwenye indawo. Akukho lutho kuleli lungiselelo okuyizinga lomhlaba wonke, futhi lokho yiphuzu okufanele likhunjulwe.

Shiya i-/etc/resolv.conf njengoba injalo. i-macOS iyibhala yona lelo fayela, futhi ayikaze ibe nombono ogcwele wokuxazululwa oqondene nedomena. Ukucushwa kungase futhi kufike kusuka kusizindalwazi sokucushwa kwesistimu esikhundleni samafayela akule ndawo yamafayela, futhi yingakho iphrofayela yokuphatha ingadlula kulokho okubhalile.

Izinto ezintathu ifayela elingakwazi ukuzinikeza

Iseva kufanele ifinyeleleke. Uma i-VPN ivimbela inethiwekhi yasendaweni, noma umzila wenkampani ubamba ibanga lamakheli eseva, ifayela lesijobelelo elilungile ngokuphelele ngeke likwazi ukuletha umbuzo. Yisa lokho kumnikazi wenethiwekhi esikhundleni sokwandisa wena izihlengelo zasendaweni.

Isifunda kufanele sibe nempendulo efanele, futhi kungcono kakhulu ukukuhlola ngegama eligcwele ngokuphelele njenge-printer.lab.example.org. Igama elifushane lingase livuse ukuziphatha kwezizinda zokusesha futhi ekugcineni libuze umbuzo ohlukile kunalowo obuwuhlosile.

Ekugcineni, uhlelo lokusebenza kufanele lukwazi ukusebenzisa impendulo. Ukuxazulula igama lephrinta akunikezi ukufinyelela ekhelini layo, futhi akulivuli isevisi engemuva kwayo. Ikheli elibuyisiwe lisadinga umzila ovunyelwe nenqubomgomo yokufinyelela evumela ukuxhumana. Ifayela le-resolver lishintsha lapho igama libuzwa khona; aligcini indlela yomphumela.

Qinisekisa ukukhetha esikhundleni sokushintsha i-DNS

Hlola ukuthi i-macOS isebenzisa ini ngempela manje, futhi buza igama eligcwele ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo noma kusuka kuthuluzi elixazulula ngendlela efanayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Umbuzo oqondile ku-192.168.55.1 ufakazela ukuthi iseva iyaphendula; awufakazeli ukuthi i-macOS yakhetha leyo seva yokusesha okuvamile. Lokho kungamaqiniso ahlukene, futhi yiqiniso lesibili kuphela elichaza lokho isiphequluli sakho esizokuhlangabezana nakho.

Uma enye i-resolver isivele ifuna isijobelelo esifanayo, thola ukuthi ingubani umnikazi waso ngaphambi kokwengeza izeluleko zokubaluleka. Isilungiselelo esibhalwe phansi se-search_order sihlela amaklayenti abelana ngedomena; akusona isishintshi esijwayelekile somhlaba wonke esenza i-resolver evamile iwine wonke umbuzo.

Qinisekisa ukuthi amagama enkampani asaxazululwa ngenkathi i-VPN ixhunyiwe, bese ubhala ifayela nenjongo yalo kumanothi akho asendaweni. Lapho leli lungiselelo lihoxiswa, sula lelo fayela kuphela futhi uhlole kabusha zombili izindawo zamagama esikhundleni sokusetha kabusha zonke izilungiselelo ze-DNS zenethiwekhi.