IPv6 ULA ku-VPN: ikheli langasese, hhayi imfihlo

Amakheli abonakala eyimfihlo awona ayimfihlo ngomqondo osetshenziswa abantu abaningi, futhi ukukhethwa kwamakheli endawo ayingqayizivele kwe-IPv6 yiso isibonelo esicacile. Isiqalo se-ULA sinikeza i-VPN uhlelo lwangaphakathi oluzinzile lwezinsiza ezingemuva kwaso. Asikubethelisi lutho, asiqinisekisi umlingani futhi asinqumi ukuthi iyiphi insizakalo iklayente engayifinyelela. Ukuthatha isiqalo njengokulawula ukuphepha yilona iphutha leli sihloko elihlose ukulisusa.

Isiqalo sinikeza ini ngempela

I-RFC 4193 ibeka eceleni i-fc00::/7 ukuze isetshenziswe endaweni, kanti ibhithi L ihlukanisa isikhala esabiwe endaweni nesimo esigciniwe. Ngokwenzayo lokho kusho ukuthi okukhiqizayo yi-fd00::/8. Incazelo iphinde ichaze ukuthi i-ID yomhlaba wonke yamabhithi angu-40 kufanele itholwe kanjani, ukuze iziza ezizimele zingakhethi isiqalo esifanayo ngephutha. Leso sikhala sakhelwe ukuhlala ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi yomphakathi, okuyisici sokuhamba kwendlela hhayi ukuvikelwa.

Ngaphakathi kwesiza, ukuhlelwa okuvamile yi-ID yomhlaba wonke ye-/48 ehlukaniswe ngamanethiwekhi amancane: eyodwa yamaklayente ethuneli, eyodwa yohlangothi lweseva kanye neyodwa ye-LAN ngayinye ekude. Leso sakhiwo siyinzuzo yonke, futhi iyinzuzo yokukhetha amakheli. Iphakethe ngalinye lisadinga indlela futhi lisadinga inqubomgomo elivumelayo.

Ukudida isiqalo nethuneli yindlela umklamo ogcina ngayo ngokubhala amakheli e-fd00 futhi ucabange ukuthi ukuhamba phakathi kwawo kuvikelwe. Akukho, ngaphandle uma okunye kwenza ukuvikelwa.

Kungani ukukopisha isiqalo sesibonelo kubuhlungu

Isifundo ngasinye sisebenzisa isiqalo esikhumbuleka kalula, futhi wonke umfundi osikopishayo uzuza ingozi efanayo yokungqubuzana. Iziza ezimbili ezixhunyaniswa kamuva ngethuneli lesiza-kuya-siza ngamabanga afanayo zikhiqiza ukungaqondakali okufanayo okwaziwa ngesikhala se-IPv4 sangasese esigqagqene. Alukho uhlangothi olungalungile lodwa, futhi inethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe ayinayo indlela yokwazi ukuthi iyiphi indawo okushiwoyo.

Ukukhiqiza i-ID yomhlaba wonke ngokwenqubo ebhaliwe kuthatha umzuzu futhi kususa umbuzo. Bhala isiqalo, okokufaka kokukhiqiza kanye nosuku eceleni kohlelo lwamakheli.

Ingozi ayiyona eyethiyori kunoma ubani ohlanganisa amanethiwekhi ngemva kokuthengwa noma oxhumanisa amalabhorethri amabili nge-VPN. Ayiphuthumi futhi esizeni esisodwa, yingakho ihlehliselwa kuze kube ukuhlanganiswa sekuhleliwe.

Ububanzi nokufinyelela kuyimibuzo ehlukile

I-ULA ayenzelwe ukukhethwa kwamakheli e-inthanethi ajwayelekile ahambiswa umhlaba wonke. Lokho akwenzi wonke umsingathi oyisebenzisayo athembeke futhi akwenzi labo bazingathi bangangafinyeleleki kusuka kwamanye amanethiwekhi angasese axhunyiwe. Ama-firewall nezimvume zohlelo lokusebenza kusabona okuthi umlingani angakusebenzisa, futhi ithuneli isanikeza ukuqinisekiswa eyayilungiselelwe ngakho.

Ukuphuma ku-inthanethi kudinga umklamo waso wokuphuma we-IPv6. Ukunikeza iklayente ikheli le-ULA akudali ukufinyelela eziqondisweni zomhlaba wonke ezingafanele, futhi iklayente elithola elinye akufanele ilindele ukuphequlula i-inthanethi yomphakathi ngalo.

Iziza ezimbili ezinamaqalo ahlukene zisadinga izindlela zokubuyisa zamabanga omunye nomunye, futhi womabili ama-firewall adinga imithetho ehambisanayo. Akukho kulokhu okuvela emndenini wamakheli. Okuvelayo umsebenzi wokubhala: ithebula lamaqalo kanye nezinhlelo ezivunyelwe ukuphendula kwelinye nelinye lawo.

Hlola uhlelo kuzo zombili iziphetho

Qinisekisa ukuthi isiqalo sivela lapho ucabanga khona, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi indawo ethile iyafinyeleleka ngaso ngempela.

ip -6 address show
ip -6 route show
ping -6 -c 3 fd12:3456:789a:1::1

Uhlu lwamakheli lubonisa ukuthi yiluphi uxhumano olunalo luphi unethiwekhi omncane, futhi iklayente elathola okungalungile ivamise ukukubonisa lapha. Uhlu lwezindlela lubonisa ukuthi isiqalo esikude sinendlela ngethuneli noma silahlwa. Ukuhlolwa kuphendula umbuzo owodwa obalulekile: ingabe iphakethe liyagidinga liphinde libuye.

Phinda ukuhlolwa ngemva kokuxhuma kabusha, ngoba iklayente egcina ikheli layo kodwa elahlekelwa indlela yakha uxhumano olubonakala luphezulu futhi lungadlulisi lutho. Ikheli yingxenye elula, futhi indlela yiyona elahlekayo. Gcina kokubili okuphumayo eceleni kwegama lephrofayela yoxhumano ukuze ukuqhathanisa okulandelayo kuqale ebufakazini.