Hlola i-interface ye-VPN ye-Linux nge-ip link, isendlalelo ngesendlalelo

Isithonjana sekhasimende sithi sixhunyiwe, i-interface ikhona, kodwa uhlelo lokusebenza alukwazi ukufinyelela lutho. Le nhlanganisela ivamile, ngoba i-interface ebonakalayo ingahlala ikhona ngesikhathi umbambiswano wayo okude, amakheli ayo noma imizila yayo ingekho. ip link iyithuluzi lokuqala elifanele, futhi iyithuluzi elilula kakhulu ukulihumusha ngokweqile. Amafulegi nezibalo zichaza isendlalelo esisodwa, futhi izendlalelo ezingaphezulu kwaso zihluleka ngazimbi. Ithuluzi abantu abalicaphuna lapho befuna ukufakazela ukuthi umhubhe uvukile, okuyinto kanye ithuluzi elingenakuyifakazela lodwa.

Funda i-interface ngaphambi kokufunda isithonjana

Qala nge-ip -details link show dev tun0 njengoba kuchazwe encwadini ye-ip-link, faka i-interface umthengi wakho anayo ngempela esikhundleni segama elijwayelekile. Amafulegi, uhlobo, i-MTU kanye nobunikazi be-interface kuyimibono ewusizo. Izwi lesimo se-interface ebonakalayo akudingeki liziphathe njengophawu lwekhadi lesimo sentambo ebonakalayo, ngakho thatha i-UP njengesitatimende mayelana ne-interface, hhayi mayelana nomhubhe.

Lowo mehluko uchaza icala elidideka kakhulu: i-interface ehlala ikhona ngesikhathi uhlangothi olukude luxhuma kabusha noma lungafinyeleleki.

Izilungiselelo zokugcina zingagcina isixhumanisi sikhona khona ukuze ukuxhuma kabusha kungasakhi futhi, okusho ukuthi ukuba khona akusho ukusebenza kahle.

Engeza izibalo kanye nesicelo okufanele sizisebenzise

Sebenzisa umbono wezibalo osekelwe, ip -s link show dev tun0, futhi qaphela izibalo zamaphakethe namabhayithi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Bese udala isicelo esingenabungozi okufanele sidlule kule interface futhi uqhathanise uhlangothi olufanele. Isicelo esithathe umzila oqondile womunye uhlelo lokusebenza ngeke sinyakazise lezo zibalo, futhi lokho kuyinjongo yalo msebenzi.

Uma isibalo sokuthumela sinyakaza kepha isibalo sokwamukela singanyakazi, iphakethe lahamba futhi akukho lutho olwabuya. Leyo yinkinga ehlukile kune-interface engakaze ithwale lutho nhlobo. Uma zombili izibalo zinyakaza kepha uhlelo lokusebenza lusahluleka, iphutha lisezingeni elingaphezulu kwe-interface, okuyinqubekela phambili hhayi umgoqo.

Thatha ukufundwa kabili, kanye ngaphambi nangemuva, esikhundleni sokwethemba isithombe esisodwa.

Amakheli nemizila kuyizinyathelo ezihlukene

Isixhumanisi singaba khona ngaphandle kwesijobelelo, ukulungiselelwa kwesixazululi noma umzila odingwa uhlelo lokusebenza. Hlola ikheli nge-ip address show dev tun0, bese uhlola ukuthi yimuphi umzila indawo yokuphela engawukhetha nge-ip route get kumgomo wangempela. Leyo mibono emithathu iphendula imibuzo emithathu ehlukene, futhi eyokugcina kuphela ephathelene nokudluliselwa.

Ku-IPsec, inqubomgomo yokuphepha nesimo sokuhlangana kungase kubaluleke futhi, futhi akuzona zonke izakhiwo ze-IPsec ezivela njenge-interface elula ye-tun. Ukufuna idivayisi ye-tun eyayingeke ibe khona ngempela kuyindlela esheshayo yokuphetha ngokungalungile.

Bhala igama eliqondile, isikhala samagama kanye nesikhathi nanoma yikuphi ukuphuma okugcinayo, ngoba igama elibukeka lifana kwesinye isiqukathi noma kuseshini ebuyisiwe limelela umongo ohluke ngokuphelele.

Ungasusi into ongayaziyo

I-interface ongayazi ayisho ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi isidala. Khombisa umnikazi wayo ngaphambi kokususa noma yini, futhi sebenzisa indlela yokuhlakaza ebhalwe kumqulu wekhasimende noma ukulungiselelwa okuphathwayo lapho ukususa kuhloswe ngempela. Ukususa umhubhe osebenzayo ukuze ubone ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kuwukuhlola okuphendula umbuzo ongewona umuntu owubuzile.

Uma i-interface ingeyenkundla yeziqukathi noma ingeyesikhala samagama senethiwekhi ongayidalanga, umnikazi wayo useduze ngomyalo owodwa futhi kufanele uwuthole kuqala.

Leso sixwayiso sisebenza futhi ku-ip link set down, okubonakala kubuyiselwa emuva kepha ngokuvamile akubuyiselwa.

Okufanele ukuhlola kukushiye nakho

Ukuhlola okuhle kuphetha ngamaqiniso amane: igama le-interface nesikhala samagama, amafulegi ayo ne-MTU, umehluko wezibalo ovela esicelweni sangempela, kanye nomzila nekheli uhlelo lokusebenza oludingayo ngempela. Lapho lokho kubhaliwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo sicaca, futhi singesesendlalelo esithile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngakunye ukushintsha okulandelayo kuwukuqagela okunohlelo lokubuyisela emuva.

Qhathanisa lawo maqiniso amane nalawo amane afanayo avela kuseshini esebenzayo. Uma igama le-interface nesikhala samagama kufana kepha umehluko wezibalo uyiziro, isicelo asizange sifike emhubheni. Uma umehluko wezibalo uphilile futhi umzila ukhomba kwenye indawo, umhubhe ukhona kahle kepha umzila awukho kahle. Lokho kuqhathanisa kuyikho okuguqula inqwaba yokuphuma ibe yisinqumo.

Gcina ukuphuma kanye nethikithi, ngoba ukuqhathanisa kwakamuva kuwusizo kuphela uma ukwazi ukubona okushintshile.

Bese uvala umjikelezo ngokuhlola uhlelo lokusebenza futhi, ngoba i-interface yayingeyona into umsebenzisi ayikhathazayo.