Indlela yokufaka isitifiketi se-VPN ku-Android nokuqinisekisa ukhiye

Ukufaka isitifiketi sekhasimende se-VPN ku-Android kuthatha imizuzu embalwa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sifike endaweni efanele kuthatha isikhathi eside, futhi yingxenye leyo abantu abaningi abayidlulayo uma ibhokisi lengxoxo lokufaka likubiza ngempumelelo. Umlayezo wempumelelo usho kuphela ukuthi ifayela lihlaziyiwe. Awusho lutho mayelana nokuthi yimuphi umhlinzeki ophethe ukhiye oyimfihlo noma ukuthi ikhophi isekhona yini kufolda yakho ye-Downloads.

Isinyathelo 1: Funda i-P12 ngaphambi kokuba ishiye umshini wakho

Qala ngefayela uqobo. Uma ungakwazi ukusho isihloko, umkhiphi kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi okungaphakathi kulo, ufaka into ongayikwazi ukuyiqinisekisa kamuva.

Iphakethe le-PKCS#12 ngokuvamile lithwala isitifiketi sekhasimende, ukhiye walo oyimfihlo kanye nochunge lwabakhiphi. I-openssl pkcs12 -in client.p12 -info -noout iphrinta i-MAC kanye nama-algorithm okubhala ngokufihla ngaphandle kokukhipha impahla yokhiye, ngakho uyabona ukuthi iphakethe livikelwe ngephasiwedi yini nangaluphi uhlobo lokubhala. Landela nge-keytool -list -v -keystore client.p12 -storetype PKCS12 ukuze uthole i-alias, umkhondo we-SHA-256 kanye newindi lokusebenza ozolifanisa nocingo.

Thumela iphasiwedi ngesiteshi esihlukile kunefayela, noma nikela ifayela ngaphakathi kokuhamba kokusabalalisa okulawulwayo okungashiyi ikhophi. Iphasiwedi enanyathiselwe emlayezweni wengxoxo ofanayo ne-archivu iguqula izilawuli ezimbili zibe eyodwa.

Isinyathelo 2: Yifake esikhundleni lapho uhlelo lwe-VPN lufunda khona ngempela

Ku-Android 11 kuya ku-14 ejwayelekile indlela idlula kuzilungiselelo, Ezokuphepha, Ukubhala ngokufihla kanye nobufakazi, Faka isitifiketi, bese kuba i-VPN nesitifiketi somsebenzisi wohlelo. Amagama nokufakwa kwemigqa kuyashintsha phakathi kwezinguqulo nezingubo zabakhiqizi, ngakho landela ilebula yohlobo lobufakazi esikhundleni sendawo yemenyu ekhunjulwayo. Kuphrofayela yomsebenzi, faka ngaphakathi kohlangothi lomsebenzi, ngoba ubufakazi abuweli umngcele wephrofayela.

Ungafaki ubunikazi bekhasimende ku-isikhundla sesitifiketi se-CA. Leso sikhundla sindla isitolo sokuthemba somsebenzisi, futhi kusukela ku-Android 7 izinhlelo ziyazishaya indiva ama-CA anezelwe umsebenzisi ngaphandle uma ukulungiswa kwazo kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi kukuvumela, ngakho isitifiketi sekhasimende esibekwe lapho asisoze sivele kusikhethi sokhiye we-VPN.

Amanye amakhasimende e-VPN awasithinti neze isitolo sohlelo futhi esikhundleni salokho angenisa i-P12 kusikhombisi sawo sohlelo. Lokho kuwukwakheka okusemthethweni, kodwa kushintsha zonke izinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukhiye manje uhlala ngaphansi kwebhokisi lesihlabathi sohlelo futhi unamandla ngendlela uhlelo lolo olusingatha ngayo isitoreji salo. Hlola imibhalo yekhasimende ngaphambi kokucabanga ukuthi i-KeyChain iyingxenye.

Isinyathelo 3: Fakazela ukuthi yimuphi umhlinzeki ophethe ukhiye

Ukufaka kuqinisekisa ukuhlaziywa, hhayi ukusekelwa kwezingxenyekazi. Ku-Android 12 nangemuva, i-KeyInfo.getSecurityLevel() ibika ukuthi ukhiye ukuMvelweni Wokusebenza Othembekile, ku-StrongBox noma kusoftware, futhi ithatha indawo yocingo oludala lwe-isInsideSecureHardware(). Uma ikhasimende le-VPN lingabonisi lelo nani, umkhondo wesinyathelo 1 uyindlela yakho yokugcina. Isitifiketi esibhalwe kabusha ngesikhathi sokufaka ngeke silingane ibhayithi ngebhayithi, kodwa ukhiye womphakathi nesihloko kuzolingana.

Ukungakwazi ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle akufani nokungasetshenziswa. Ukhiye ongakwazi ukuphuma kudivayisi usengasetshenziswa yinoma yiluphi uhlelo umsebenzisi alumazayo ukukhetha lelo alias, futhi yingakho isicelo se-alias siyisilawuli sangempela hhayi inqubo nje. Imibhalo ye-Android Keystore kufanele ifundwe kanye uma uthatha leso sinqumo somklamo.

Bese ubala amakhophi owenziwe. I-P12 ekulaptopini yakho, leyo esesilungeni setikithi kanye naleyo ekugcinweni kwangaphambili kwenyanga edlule zonke ziseziqinisekiso ezivumelekile kuze kube umkhiphi uyazihoxisa. Ukuvikelwa kwezingxenyekazi kwesibonelo esisecigweni akwenzi lutho kulezo.

Isinyathelo 4: Thola ukuthi imfuneko yokukhiya isikrini ingeyabani

Izimfihlo ezintathu ziyaxubana lapha: i-PIN yokuvula idivayisi, umusho wokhiye oyimfihlo kanye nephasiwedi ye-akhawunti ye-VPN. Isicelo sobunye awusoze saba isicelo sokuhlehlisa ezinye, futhi ukuhlehlisa okungalungile yiyo indlela abantu abazikhiya ngayo ngaphandle kwephrofayela eyayisebenza kahle.

Uma umphathi wedivayisi noma inqubomgomo yephrofayela elawulwayo idinga ukukhiya, imfuneko ingeyaloo nqubomgomo, hhayi eyesitifiketi. I-adb shell dumpsys device_policy ibala abaphathi abasebenzayo kanye nezinga lephasiwedi abaliphogayo, okuyiyo indlela esheshayo yokubona ukuthi ingabe i-ejenti ye-MDM iyisizathu sokushintsha kwemithetho yakho ye-PIN. Ukususa isitifiketi ngeke kukhulule inqubomgomo, futhi ukususa inqubomgomo kuyisinqumo sokuphatha hhayi ukulungisa izilungiselelo.

Londela futhi ukuphikisana kokusetshenziswa. Uma ukhiye udinga imvume yomsebenzisi, umhubhe awukwazi ukukhuphuka ngaphambi kokuvulwa kokuqala, ngakho ukusawazisha okuhleliwe kanye nokuvusa okude kuyahluleka ngokomklamo. Nathatha leso sinqumo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, hhayi ngemuva.

Gwema indlela emfishane yokuhlela i-locksettings.db noma yokuphinda udlale isixazululo sakudala sephethini ekhohliwe. Leyo mithetho yabhalelwa amabhilidi athile, ingase ishiye isitolo sobufakazi sesimweni uhlelo olungasalindeli, futhi ayisoze iguqule inqubomgomo eyafuna ukukhiya ekuqaleni.

Isinyathelo 5: Hoxisa ubunikazi bese uqinisekisa ukwenqaba

Ukuhoxisa kunezingxenye ezintathu futhi eyesibili yendawo kuphela. Susa iphrofayela ye-VPN, sula isitifiketi somsebenzisi ngaphansi kwezilungiselelo, Ezokuphepha, Ukubhala ngokufihla kanye nobufakazi, Ubufakazi bomsebenzisi, bese wenza umkhiphi ahoxise inombolo yochunge lwesitifiketi. Ukususwa kwendawo kuphela kushiya ubufakazi iseva esabamukelayo uma othile egcine i-P12.

Qinisekisa umphumela esikhundleni sokucabanga. Zama ukuxhumana nephrofayela ehoxisiwe bese uqinisekisa ukuthi iseva iyayenqaba. Umhubhe okhuphuka namanje usho ukuthi uhoxise inombolo yochunge engalungile noma ikhasimende lawela ngasese kobunye ubunikazi obufakiwe.

Uma ubuyisela emuva ukufaka okuhlulekile, faka kabusha kusukela kuphakethe lwangempela olubhalwe ngokufihla bese uhlola umkhondo futhi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa futhi ifayela likhiye elivuliwe owashiya kudiski.