Iphothi ye-VPN eqhubekisiwe: abavakashi nomhlinzeki bangabona ini

Ukudlulisa iphothi kunika abantu abangaziwa indlela eya kwisevisi ngakhelo ikheli lomphakathi lomhlinzeki. Lolo shintsho olulodwa luthinta kokubili ukuchayeka nokwaziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi akukho kukho kokubili okushicilela igama lalowo ophethe isevisi. Ukugcina kokubili kuhlukene kugwema amaphutha aphambene okuthatha 'ukudlulisa' njengokungaziwa nokukuthatha njengokuhlonza. Imibuzo emithathu iyahlukanisa ngokucacile, futhi izimpendulo zivela ebufakazini obuhlukene.

Izinto ezintathu, imibuzo emithathu ehlukene

Gcina ikheli lomphakathi lihlukile kuhlelo lokusebenza oluphendula ngemuva kwalo, futhi ugcine kokubili kuhlukile kumuntu noma inhlangano ephethe le nto. Ngakunye kunababukeli bakho nobufakazi bakho. Ukuzihlanganisa kukhiqiza iziphetho ezizwakala zihlelekile futhi ezingalungile.

Zidlulise ngokulandelana kwalokho. Eyokuqala umbuzo wokufinyeleleka, eyesibili umbuzo wobunikazi bohlelo lokusebenza, eyesithathu umbuzo wokwabiwa okuthi imibuzo emibili yokuqala iyikhanyise kancane. Uma othile ebuza ukuthi ukudlulisa iphothi kuyimfihlo yini, buza ukuthi iyiphi kwezintathu eqondile. Izimpendulo zihluke ngempela, futhi ikhasi lomgomo livame ukukhuluma ngolulodwa kuphela.

Umvakashi angakuxhumanisa ini phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina

Umvakashi uxhuma endaweni yokugcina futhi ubona lokho uhlelo lokusebenza okwethula ngokusemthethweni: 'igama lomsingathi', igama lesitifiketi, ikhasi lokungena, okuqukethwe okushicilelwe. Le mininingwane ibonisa isevisi ngisho nalapho ikheli layo elivamile lokufinyelela lifihliwe ngemuva komhubhe. Izindawo zokugcina ezimbili ezethula isayithi elifanayo eliqanjiwe zinika ababukeli isisekelo sokuzixhumanisa. Akukho lutho kulokho kuziphatha okuwukuvuza, ngoba uhlelo lokusebenza lwakhelwe ukubonakala.

Ukufana kwezitifiketi, iziqondiso kabusha nokuqukethwe kwamakhasi phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina ezimbili kuwuphawu oluqinile lokuthi zezevisi elilodwa. Kuhlala kuyisitatimende ngesevisi, hhayi ngomuntu, kuze kuxhumanise okunye ukurekhodwa kokubili.

Iziqondiso zobumfihlo ze-IETF zichaza indlela izihlonzi eziqhubekayo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhumanisa ukusebenzisana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuxhumana akukona ukwabiwa, ngoba abantu abaningi bangaphatha isevisi eyodwa futhi ikheli lingashintsha phakathi kwababhalisile abangahlobene. Lowo mehluko uvimbela ukuthi okutholakele kokuxhumana kuphenduke icala.

Umhlinzeki wokudlulisa kufanele azi ini

Ukuze kulethwe uxhumano olungena, uhlelo lomhlinzeki kufanele lugcine ubudlelwano obusebenzayo phakathi kwendawo yokungena yomphakathi nendawo yangaphakathi. Lelo qiniso lokusebenza lihlukile kulokho umvakashi akubonayo, futhi lihlukile futhi kulokho umhlinzeki akhetha ukukugcina. Gcina imibuzo emibili ihlukene lapho ufunda ikhasi lomgomo, ngoba eyodwa ayinakugwenywa kanti enye isinqumo. Isitatimende sokuthi awukho umlando wokuphequlula ogcinwayo asisho lutho ngomlando wamamephu.

Ukuthi amamephu omlando, ukuxhumana kwama-akhawunti noma amarekhodi okuxhumana akhona yini umbuzo womgomo wangempela womhlinzeki nokwenziwa kwawo. Ukudlulisa akufakazi ukuthi isigaba ngasinye siyarekhodwa. Buza ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izinkambu ezisala ngemva kokuhoxiswa kwemephu, futhi isikhathi esingakanani.

Ukufinyeleleka okungena kuhlukile futhi ekuhambeni okuphumayo kweklayenti, ku-DNS kanye nokuziphatha lapho kwehluleka. Ukwengeza imephu akuchazi ukuthi ezinye izinto zokuhamba zeklayenti ziphuma kanjani.

Isikhathi imephu ehlala ngaso sishintsha ukuchayeka

Imephu ingahlala isikhathi sesigaba, ingagcinwa, noma ngaphansi komgomo womhlinzeki oyishintshayo. Akufanele kucatshangwe ukwabiwa okuhlala njalo noma ukuzungeza okuqhubekayo; funda ukuziphatha okubhaliwe komkhiqizo futhi ubhale lokho okubonayo. Ukubona okubili okuhlukaniswe iviki kukhuluma kabanzi nge-'ukuzungeza' kunanoma yimuphi umusho wokumaketha ekhasini lomkhiqizo. Bhala isikhathi esibonwe eceleni kwendawo yokugcina kumanothi akho, ngoba isikhathi siyingxenye yokuchayeka.

Isikhathi sokuphila sishintsha ukuthi ukuxhumana kuni kungenzeka. Indawo yokugcina ezinzile imema ukulandelelwa kwesikhathi eside kwesevisi eyodwa, kanti ejikelezayo yenza ukubona ngakunye kube nzima ukukuxhumanisa nalokho okwedlule. Azikho kulezi zimpawu eziyisiqiniseko mayelana namarekhodi omhlinzeki, futhi akukho okuthatha isikhundla sesinqumo sokuthi isevisi ngokwayo ishicilela ini.

Shicilela ngamabomu, bese uvala iminyango yomibili

Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki uvumela iphrothokholi oyidingayo, ukuthi umlaleli oqondiwe uyena obewuqondile, nokuthi izilawuli zomsingathi nohlelo lokusebenza zisabeka umkhawulo ekufinyeleleni. Ngaphambi kokushicilela, bheka lokho isevisi ezokwethula kumuntu ongaziwa. Lezi zinqubo ezimbili zibonisa isitifiketi namakhanda umvakashi akutholayo.

openssl s_client -connect pub.example.net:443 -brief < /dev/null
curl -sSI https://pub.example.net/

Ukushicilela into akukuthetheleli ukudalula amakhasi ayo okuphatha noma ukushiya ukungena kohlelo lokusebenza, futhi ukuhumusha akunikezi i-TLS isevisi engakaze ibe nayo. Gcina iphrothokholi ebethelwe kanye nokuhlolwa kobunikazi besiphakamiso endaweni yako, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhamba kufika kanjani. Bese uhlola amakhanda empendulo, ngoba i-'banner' noma ikhasi lokulungisa lingatshela umuntu ongaziwa okungaphezu kwalokho isevisi ehlosile. Lokho izinqubo ezimbili ezikubuyisayo ukubuka okufanayo umbukeli akutholayo.

Ukuhoxisa isevisi kusho ukuvalwa okubili, hhayi okukodwa: hoxisa imephu ngomnini wayo, bese uphatha umlaleli nelungelo njengezinto ezihlukene. Indawo yokugcina ebekwe kubhukhmakhi eyeqa ukuphendula ayikuhoxisi ukufakazela futhi ayibuyisi ulwazi olusuke lwethuliwe.