Ukuhambisa ukufinyelela kwe-VPN ku-Mac omusha: yini okumele ibhalwe kuqala
Igama lokuxhumana elikopishiwe akisona isikhombisi esihanjisiwe. Bhala iklayenti, umthombo wephrofayela kanye nendlela yokugunyaza, bese ulungiselela futhi uhlole i-Mac entsha.
Ukufuduka kwehluleka buthule: uxhumano luvela kubha yemenyu, iphrofayela iyangeniswa, futhi ukuqinisekisa kusahluleka ngoba i-Mac entsha ayisona isisetshenziswa esigunyaziwe. I-Mac endala iyaqhubeka nokusebenza, okwenza kube lula ukuhlehlisa iphutha kuze kube yilapho umshini omdala ungekho. Uhlu olufushane olwenziwe ngaphambi koshintsho luvimbela iningi lalokho. Bhala ukuthi ukufinyelela kuncike kuni ngesikhathi usakwazi ukukufunda kusuka kumshini osebenzayo.
Yenza uhlu lokufinyelela ngesikhathi i-Mac endala isaxhumana
Qala ngeklayenti kanye nephrothokholi, hhayi ngegama lokuxhumana. Igama liyilebula ekhethwa iphrofayela endala; inguqulo yeklayenti, iphrothokholi kanye nendawo yokugcina yizinto okufanele umshini omusha uzikhiqize kabusha. Bhala futhi igama lomhambisi eliqondile lendawo yokugcina, ngoba ukufuduka komhlinzeki kungayihambisa ngaphandle kokushintsha ilebula.
| Item | Where to read it | Why the new Mac needs it |
|---|---|---|
| Client and version | About screen or vendor download page | Profile format and defaults change between major versions |
| Profile source | MDM, vendor portal, exported file | Decides whether import or re-enrollment is supported |
| Identity type | Certificate, account login, SSO | Decides whether it can move or must be reissued |
| DNS and routes | Tunnel settings, split-tunnel rules | Same tunnel can behave differently with different resolver settings |
| Owner | IT, provider or you | Names the party who can approve the new device |
Irekhodi yobunikazi inesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke. Igama lomsebenzisi kanye nekhodi yokusetshenziswa kanye kungafakwa ku-Mac entsha, isitifiketi esinokhiye okhishwayo ngezinye izikhathi singangeniseka, kanti isitifiketi esiboshelwe kudivayisi esinokhiye ongakhipheki asikwazi ukuhambiswa nhlobo. Bhala ukuthi yisiphi isimo onawo ngaphambi kokuhlela ushintsho. Uma izimpendulo ezimbili kulezi zingavumelani, xazulula ukungavumelani ngaphambi kokukopisha noma yini.
Ekugcineni, bhala ukuziphatha kwenethiwekhi okulindelekile: ithumbu eliphelele noma ithumbu elihlukanisiwe, yimaphi amagama angaphakathi okufanele axazululwe nokuthi i-IPv6 ilindeleke ngaphakathi kwethumbu. Kulokhu kuzovela izivivinyo ezinquma ukuthi ukufuduka kuphumelele yini.
Hlukanisa okungakopishwa kulokho okufanele kukhishwe kabusha
Amaphrofayela asezingeni lomsebenzisi, amakheli eseva kanye nezintandokazi ngokuvamile ayahambiseka. Okhiye abayimfihlo, izitifiketi zedivayisi kanye namathokheni okubhalisa akunjalo, ngoba inani lazo lincike ekubosheni emshinini owodwa. Zithathe njengezinto okufanele zikhishwe kabusha futhi ubuze umnikazi ngendlela esekelwayo. Konke okunye kungakopishwa. Inqubo yomnikazi, hhayi isihlakaniphi sokufuduka, inquma isigaba.
Yima lapha uma ubunikazi buboshelwe kudivayisi futhi kungekho ndlela yokukhishwa kabusha. Ukuqhubeka ngokhiye okopishiwe kwehluleka ekuqinisekiseni noma, okubi kakhulu, kushiya izifakazelo ezifanayo zisebenza kumishini emibili ngaphandle kwerekhodi yesibili.
Ungashiyi ukhiye oyimfihlo noma ikhodi yokubuyisela emibhalweni noma kumyalezo wengxoxo ngesikhathi sokuhambisa. Sebenzisa isikhwama sokhiye, umphathi wamaphasiwedi noma inqubo ye-escrow yenhlangano, futhi ubhalise kabusha isiqinisekisi esikhundleni sokukopisha imbewu yaso. Inothi lokufuduka eliqukethe izifakazelo liba ikhophi yesibili yalezo zifakazelo.
Lungiselela i-Mac entsha ngendlela esekelwayo
Uma i-Mac ilawulwa, yibhalise kusistimu yokuphatha efanayo ngaphambi kokwengeza ukucushwa kwesandla. Isistimu yokuphatha inephrofayela ephoqelelwe, futhi iphrofayela engeniswe ngesandla phezu kwayo idala imithombo emibili yeqiniso engavumelani ngemuva koshintsho lwenqubomgomo olulandelayo.
Ku-Mac engalawulwa, faka iklayenti kusuka kokulandwa kwamanje komhlinzeki futhi ungenise iphrofayela ngendlela echazwe umhlinzeki. Iinguqulo zakamuva ze-macOS zidinga imvume yokucushwa kwe-VPN kanye nezandiso zesistimu ku-Private and Security, futhi isandiso singadinga ukuqalisa kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi ithumbu liqale. I-Apple ichaza indlela yokuhlela i-VPN yesandla uma udinga ukuyiqhathanisa nohlelo lomhlinzeki.
Susa izincazelo eziphindwe kabili uma entsha isisebenza. Umugqa omdala kuzilungiselelo zeNethiwekhi kanye nephrofayela yohlelo ngokwalo kungakhomba endaweni yokugcina efanayo, futhi okuxhumayo akuyona njalo leyo ocabanga ukuthi uyihlolile.
Hlola izindlela i-Mac entsha ezozisebenzisa ngempela
Xhuma futhi qinisekisa ukuthi ithumbu lithwala ithrafikhi; bese uhlola ukuxazululwa kwamagama kanye nomzila esikhundleni sokuthemba isithonjane sebha yemenyu. I-macOS ibika abaxazululi ngayinye i-interface, ngakho iseva ye-DNS yangaphakathi kufanele ivele ku-interface yethumbu futhi amagama angaphakathi kufanele axazululwe ngayo. Yomibili imiyalo engezansi ifunda isimo kuphela.
scutil --dns | head -40
netstat -rn -f inet | head -20
netstat -rn -f inet6 | head -20Yima uma igama lomhambisi langaphakathi lixazululwa libe ikheli lomphakathi noma uma umzila ozenzakalelayo usakhomba ku-interface yomzimba ngesikhathi umklamo ulindele ithumbu eliphelele. Kokubili kuyizimpawu zokuthi iphrofayela yangenisiwe ngaphandle kwemizila yayo noma enye ikhophi yokucushwa iyayeqa.
Phinda isivivinyo ngemuva kokulala nangemuva kokujoyina enye inethiwekhi.Uxhumano olwedlula ukungena kokuqala kodwa olungedluli ukuvalwa kwesivalo ukufuduka okuzohluleka ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, futhi ukukubamba lokho ngaphambi kokusulwa kwe-Mac endala kuyinjongo yohlu lokuhlola.
Khipha i-Mac endala emsebenzini futhi uyihoxise
Gcina idivayisi endala ixhunyiwe kuze kube yilapho entsha idlula izivivinyo ezingenhla. Bese uhoxisa idivayisi endala kusuka kukhonsoli yomsebenzi noma kusistimu yokuphatha; ukususa uhlelo ku-Mac endala akuhoxisi ubunikazi bayo, futhi iphrofayela ekopishiwe isengaqinisekisa.
Ngemuva kokuhoxiswa, susa amaphrofayela, phuma ku-akhawunti futhi usule idiski uma umshini ushiya ukulawula kwakho. Hlola uhlu lwedivayisi lomhlinzeki futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umugqa omdala awusekho futhi omusha ulebuliwe ngendlela efanele.
Uma imfihlo eyabiwe noma izifakazelo zethimba zikopishiwe ngesikhathi sokuhambisa, zishintshe manje esikhundleni sokulinda ushintsho olulandelayo oluhleliwe. Ukufuduka kuphela lapho ubunikazi obudala bufille, hhayi lapho isithonjane esisha siba luhlaza.