Lungisa ingeno yokuqala ngokuzenzakalela ye-VPN esebenza kudeskithophu eyodwa kuphela

Iklayenti le-VPN liqala kumenyu yezinhlelo zokusebenza, umhubhe uyaxhumana, futhi isithonjana asikaze sivele ngemva kokungena kumshini owodwa, kuyilapho iphakethe elifanayo liziphatha kahle komunye. Ukubonwa okuthathu kucindezelwa kube isikhalazo esisodwa: ukuthi uhlelo lwaqala yini, ukuthi ingxenye yalo iyabonakala yini, nokuthi umhubhe umile yini. Isiqalisi silawulwa yingeno yedeskithophu enezinkinobho zokuhlunga, futhi leyo ngeno ayihlobene nhlobo nenqubo ye-VPN. Landela incwadi yokuhola ngokulandelana futhi ume lapho okukodwa kokuthathu kuhlukana ngokucacile.

Amaqiniso amathathu ahlukene: ukuqala, isithonjana, umhubhe

Ingeno yedeskithophu iqalisa uhlelo. Ayikwazi ukufaka ukusetshenziswa kwethileyi, futhi ayikwazi ukwenza isikhombi sivele kuphaneli engasekeli inqubo esetshenziswa uhlelo. Uma inqubo isivele isebenza, umbuzo wokuqala usuphendulwe futhi ubheka inkinga yokuhlanganisa esikhundleni salokho.

Umhubhe uyiqiniso lesithathu futhi. Isithonjana esingekho akusona ubufakazi bokuthi uxhumano lwaphuka, futhi ukubulala nokuqalisa kabusha iklayenti ukuze «kulungiswe» isithonjana kuyindlela umhubhe osebenzayo ophazanyiswa ngayo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Abasebenzisi babika isithonjana esingekho nomhubhe ophukile emshweni owodwa, futhi yikho kanye okwenza kudingeke ukuhlukanisa kokubili ephepheni.

Hlukanisa ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini. Hlola ukuthi inqubo ikhona yini, bese kuthi iphaneli isekela isikhombi yini, futhi ekugcineni ukuthi ingxenye ibika uxhumano yini. Impendulo ngayinye ikhomba isigaba esihlukile kanye nomgcini ohlukile.

Thola ingeno okufundwa ngumhlangano ngempela

Izincwadi zokuqala ngokuzenzakalela zihlala kusikhombisi somsebenzisi nakusikhombisi sohlelo, futhi uma amagama amafayela efana, ikhophi yomsebenzisi iyawina. Ukufunda ingeno engalungile yikho kanye isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi ushintsho lubonakale lungenawo umphumela. Bhala zombili izikhombisi ngaphambi kokuhlela noma yini, futhi qaphela ukuthi yiliphi ifayela umhlangano ozolilayisha ngempela.

ls -l ~/.config/autostart/ /etc/xdg/autostart/
echo "$XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"
grep -H -E '^(OnlyShowIn|NotShowIn|TryExec|Hidden|Exec)=' ~/.config/autostart/*.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop

Ukuguquguquka kwemvelo kuphrinta igama lomhlangano okufaniswa nalo izinkinobho zokuhlunga, futhi ngokuvamile luhlu oluhlukaniswe ngamakholoni. Qhathanisa ngokwezwi nezwi namagugu akule ngeno, ngoba lawo magama ayimininingwane yokuhlela ebucayi kumagama amakhulu namancane, hhayi incazelo yomhlangano. Igugu GNOME alihambisani ne-gnome, futhi ukuthula okuvelayo akunaso isaziso sephutha elinamathiselwe. Liphrinte esikhundleni sokulicabanga.

Uma igama elifanayo lefayela likhona kuzo zombili izikhombisi, ikhophi yomsebenzisi iyona ebalulekile. Ukuhlela ifayela lohlelo bese uzibuza ukuthi kungani akukho okwashintshayo kuyisikhathi esilahlekile esivame kakhulu.

Funda izinkinobho zokuhlunga, ngokulandelana

Ingeno yesibonelo engezansi ikhombisa izinkinobho ezinquma ukuthi umhlangano uzoqalisa uhlelo yini. Kuyisicucu, hhayi isiqalisi esiphelele, futhi amagugu angawomzila wenganekwane.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Example VPN
Exec=/opt/example-vpn/client --minimized
TryExec=/opt/example-vpn/client
OnlyShowIn=GNOME;

OnlyShowIn kunciphisa ingeno emvelweni eshiwo futhi NotShowIn kukhipha lokho okushiwo. Ukucaciswa akukuchazi ukuziphatha okusizayo lapho kokubili kuvela kungena eyodwa, ngakho thatha ifayela eliqukethe kokubili njengokungasebenzi kahle, hhayi njengenhlanganisela ehlakaniphile. Susa inkinobho ongayidingi esikhundleni sokwengeza eyesibili nokuthemba umthetho wokubaluleka.

TryExec kubuza ukuthi ifayela eliphoqelelayo likhona yini ngaphambi kokuba umhlangano uliqalise. Ngakho umzila osele kusukela ekufakweni okudala ucindezela ukuqala ngokuzenzakalela ngisho noma iphakethe elisha lisebenza lapho liqalwa kumenyu, futhi lokho kwehluleka kubonakala njengesihlungi sedeskithophu kanye.

Kweqa ezingeni lomsebenzisi, hhayi ezingeni lohlelo

Uma isihlungi singalungile ngempela kulo mshini, kopisha ingeno yohlelo kusikhombisi somsebenzisi bese ushintsha ikhophi. Ngokwemithertho yokuqala ngokuzenzakalela ye-XDG, ingeno yomsebenzisi enegama elifanayo inokubaluleka, futhi Hidden=true ikhubaza ingeno ngaphandle kokususa ifayela lohlelo.

mkdir -p ~/.config/autostart
cp /etc/xdg/autostart/example-vpn.desktop ~/.config/autostart/
sed -i '/^OnlyShowIn=/d' ~/.config/autostart/example-vpn.desktop
desktop-file-validate ~/.config/autostart/example-vpn.desktop

Qinisekisa umphumela ngaphambi kokuphuma, ngoba ingeno emise okungalungile izitshwa buthule futhi isivivinyo esilandelayo asikutsheli lutho. Ukufaka kabusha iphakethe ngeke kususe ukweqa kwakho, lokho kuyinjongo futhi kuyisizathu sokubhala ukuthi kukhona. Bhala umzila wefayela kuthikithi ukuze umuntu olandelayo athole ukweqa esikhundleni sokuphinda akubale.

Khetha lokhu kunokuhlela iziqalisi zohlelo ezabiwe, okushintsha ukuziphatha kwawo wonke umsebenzisi kumshini futhi akunakubuyekezwa ngendlela efanayo. Ukweqa ezingeni lomsebenzisi kubonakala endaweni eyodwa, kuhlehliswa ngokususa ifayela elilodwa, futhi kuchazwa kalula kuthikithi. Ifayela lohlelo lihlala njengoba umthengisi elithumele, ngakho ukubuyekezwa kwephakethe akukuchithi buthule ukucabanga kwakho.

Qinisekisa ukuqala ngaphandle kokuthinta umhubhe

Phuma bese ungena futhi, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ikhona ngaphambi kokubheka iphaneli. Ukuqala okuphumelelayo nesithonjana esibonakalayo kuyimiphumela emibili ehlukene, futhi owesibili kuphela odinga umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ideskithophu. Ukuhlanganisa kokubili kukuthumela ukufaka kabusha iphakethe elalisebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi.

pgrep -af example-vpn
systemctl --user status example-vpn.service
journalctl --user -b --no-pager | grep -i example-vpn | tail -20

Uma inqubo ingekho, funda ingeno futhi ufuna isihlungi esisele noma umzila TryExec osuphelelwe yisikhathi. Uma ikhona, isiqalisi sisebenzile futhi isithonjana esingekho siyinkinga ehlukile yokwesekwa kwesikhombi kwiphaneli, hhayi yengeno oyihlele manje.

Bhala ukubonwa okuthathu kuthikithi: kuqalile, kuyabonakala, kuxhunyiwe. Lelo rekhodi livimbela umuntu olandelayo ukuphinda ukudideka okufanayo kokuthathu, futhi kwenza kucace ukuthi yisiphi isigaba esisadinga umsebenzi.