EVPN uhlobo 2 ngokumelene nohlobo 5: kungani ikheli elilodwa le-IP lisho imizila emibili

Imizila emibili ebhokisini elilodwa ingakhomba ku-198.51.100.77 futhi iphendule imibuzo ehlukene. Enye ichaza lapho ikheli le-MAC lifinyeleleka khona futhi, ngokuzikhethela, iyiphi i-IP eboshelwe kulo. Enye ichaza isiqalo esixazululwa ngokweqa okulandelayo, ngisho noma leso siqalo siyi-host eyodwa. Ukuzihlanganisa kukhiqiza ithikithi elibonakala njengephutha lokuhambisa kodwa empeleni uhlobo lomzila olufundwe kabi.

Indlela eshesha kakhulu yokuwahlukanisa ukufunda ukhiye i-NLRI eyakhiwe ngokuzungeza kwayo, hhayi imaski ekugcineni kwayo.

Ukhiye womzila utshela ukuthi umzila ufuna ukuthini

Uhlobo 2 umzila Wesisindo se-MAC/IP ovela ku-RFC 7432, futhi ukhiye wawo ikheli le-MAC lamabhithi angu-48 ngaphakathi kwe-NLRI. Ngemuva kwalowo khiye kunensimu yekheli le-IP enensimu yobude engaba amabhithi angu-0, 32 noma 128, ngakho isimemezelo se-MAC kuphela siwumzila ophelele hhayi ukufakwa kwe-host ezintekenteke. Isitaki samalebula esilandelayo sikhomba endaweni yebhuloho lapho leyo MAC ihlala khona.

Ukuthi insimu ye-IP igcwalisiwe yini kushintsha okushiwo umzila, hhayi uhlobo lomzila. Ngobude bamabhithi angu-32 noma 128, umthumeli uphinde afune ukuthi le IP ingeyayo leyo MAC ngaphakathi kwesibonelo esisodwa se-EVPN. Ngobude obunguziro, umthumeli akafuni lutho nge-IP. Akukho nguqulo esho ukuthi isiqalo sifinyeleleka ngomhambisi.

Uhlobo 5 umzila Wesiqalo se-IP ovela ku-RFC 9136, futhi ukhiye wawo isiqalo esibhalwe njengobude kanye namabhithi angako. Ubude busuka ku-0 kuye ku-32 kwi-IPv4 naku-0 kuye ku-128 kwi-IPv6.

Zombili iziphetho zalelo banga zisemthethweni, futhi akukho esikushoyo nge-MAC. Isiqalo sobude obunguziro sifuna ukufinyeleleka ngaphandle kokusho i-host, kanti /32 sisho ikheli elilodwa ngqo. I-NLRI iphinda ithwale ikheli le-IP lesango elisetshenziswa uhlangothi lokuphuma ukwakha inkomba ye-overlay, kanye nelebula yomongo wokudlulisa. Ayikho insimu ye-MAC yokushintsha, yingakho umamukeli ethatha uhlobo 5 njengendawo ekulwelwe kuyo.

Umzila wesiqalo /32 akulona uhlobo 2 oluqanjwe kabusha

Iziqalo zesilinganiso se-host ziyimizila ejwayelekile yohlobo 5. Umzila wesiqalo /32 kanye nohlobo 2 lwalelo kheli kungaba khona ndawonye esibonelweni esisodwa se-EVPN, futhi zithwala imininingwane ehlukene yokudlulisa.

Thatha u-198.51.100.77 esibonelweni se-EVPN esisebenzisa i-VNI 10100. Uhlobo 2 lungakuhlanganisa ne-MAC 02:00:00:00:00:77 kanye nelebula ekhomba isizinda sebhuloho lapho leyo MAC yafundwa khona. Uhlobo 5 lungamemezela u-198.51.100.0/24 kuyo yonke i-subnet, noma u-198.51.100.77/32 kulelo kheli kuphela, nekheli lesango elikhomba ku-VTEP yokuphuma. Amakheli ayahlangana ngamabomu ngoba imizila iphendula imibuzo ehlukene.

Umzila owodwa uthi kukhona ukubopha kwendawo yokugcina futhi kufinyeleleka ngokwebhuloho elithile. Omunye uthi isiqalo sifinyeleleka ngomhambisi othile, noma ngabe iyiphi indawo yokugcina ngaphakathi kwaso yake yafundwa noma cha.

Lowo mehluko unquma lapho ubheka khona kuqala lapho ithrafikhi yehluleka. Uma i-host eyodwa ingafinyeleleki kuyilapho umzila we-subnet wayo ubukeka kahle, uhlobo 5 lwalungakaze lwenzelwe ukuthwala leyo host; funa uhlobo 2 olungekho. Uma umzila we-host ukhona kodwa i-subnet yonke ingafinyeleleki, hlola ukuthi uhlobo 5 lwakhiwe yini. Ukufunda izinsimu ngokulandelana kungcono kunokuqagela ngobude bemaski.

Ukufunda yomibili imizila ngaphandle kokuqagela

Ku-NX-OS, show bgp l2vpn evpn route type 2 kanye show bgp l2vpn evpn route type 5 kwehlukanisa ithebula ngqo kulo mugqa, futhi show l2route evpn mac ip kukhombisa ukubopha kwasekhaya kwe-MAC-kuya-IP ngemuva kwemizila yohlobo 2. Ku-Junos, show evpn database kubala ukubopha kwe-MAC ne-IP okufundiwe kanti show route table bgp.evpn.0 kukhombisa okwamemezelwa nokwamukelwa.

Hlunga nge-route distinguisher nangelebula ye-Ethernet ngaphambi kokuphetha. I-MAC noma isiqalo esifanayo singavela ezibonelweni eziningi ze-EVPN, futhi umzila obonakala unephutha kwesinye isibonelo ungase ulungile kwesinye.

Bese ufunda i-NLRI ngokulandelana: uhlobo lomzila, ukhiye, izinsimu zesango noma zelebula, bese kuba ama-route target ezimfanelweni. Uhlobo 2 oluthwala i-ESI engeyona uziro lukutshela ukuthi i-MAC iyi-multi-homed, futhi yilolo hlu lelo elihlanganisa izimemezelo ezivela kubashayeli be-PE abehlukene. Uhlobo 5 oluthwala ikheli lesango lukutshela ukuthi iyiphi i-VTEP yokuphuma okufanele yamukele ithrafikhi.

Uma umzila ungekho, hlola umsuka ngaphambi kokubhala ikhodi. Qinisekisa ukuthi umthombo unokubopha noma isiqalo endaweni, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi i-route target enamathiselwe kuso ingenisiwe kuleli bhokisi. Imibiko eminingi yohlobo 5 olugcwele amaphutha iphelela kwinqubomgomo yokungenisa, hhayi ekubunjweni kwe-NLRI.

Rekhoda umongo, hhayi uhlobo lomzila kuphela

Bhala ndawonye uhlobo lomzila, isibonelo se-EVPN, i-route distinguisher, ama-route target angenisiwe nakhishiwe, kanye nokweqa okulandelayo okuxazululiwe. Uhlobo 2 olungenaso isibonelo salo alucaci, futhi ukweqa okulandelayo okungenayo umkhakha wemizila kumema isiphetho esingalungile.

Kokubili yimizila ye-EVPN ngisho noma umthwalo uyikheli le-IPv4. Umkhakha wamakheli ngaphakathi kwe-NLRI kanye nomkhakha wamakheli womzila uqobo kuyizici ezihlukene, futhi uhlobo 5 aluphenduki lube umzila we-IPv4-unicast noma we-VPN-IPv4 ngoba nje luthwala isiqalo se-IPv4.

Lowo mehluko ubonakala emngceleni phakathi kwendiza yokulawula ye-EVPN ne-IP-VRF. I-route target inquma ukuthi iyiphi i-VRF engenisa isiqalo, kanti ikheli lesango nelebula kunquma ukuthi iphakethe livalwa kanjani libheke ekuphumeni. Funda lokho ndawonye, futhi isinqumo sokudlulisa siyeke ukubonakala senza ngokuthanda.

Ngokuzayo lapho u-/32 uvela kuthebula le-EVPN, hlola ukhiye ngaphambi kwemaski. Ukhiye we-MAC one-IP yokuzikhethela ukubopha kohlobo 2; ukhiye wesiqalo umzila wohlobo 5 kungakhathaliseki ubude bawo. Bhala i-route target nokweqa okulandelayo eceleni, futhi unjiniyela olandelayo ngeke kudingeke aphinde akhiphe yonke indaba.