EVPN nooca 2 iyo nooca 5: sababta hal cinwaan IP uu uga dhigan yahay laba waddo

Laba waddo oo isku sanduuq ah ayaa tilmaami kara 198.51.100.77 oo weli ka jawaabi kara su'aalo kala duwan. Mid waxay qeexaysaa halka cinwaanka MAC laga gaari karo iyo, si ikhtiyaari ah, IP kee ku xiran. Tan kale waxay qeexaysaa horudhac lagu xalliyo boodhka xiga, xitaa marka horudhacaasi yahay hal martigeliye. Iyaga oo la isku qaldo waxaa soo baxa tikit u eg khalad waddo-marin laakiin dhab ahaan ah nooc waddo si khaldan loo akhriyay.

Habka ugu dhaqso badan ee lagu kala garan karo waa in la akhriyo furaha NLRI-da ku wareegsan, ma aha maaskarada ku taal dhammaadkeeda.

Furaha waddadu waxay sheegaysaa waxa waddadu sheeganayso

Nooca 2 waa waddada xayeysiinta MAC/IP ee RFC 7432, furaheena waa cinwaanka MAC 48-bit ee ku dhex jira NLRI. Furahaas gadaashiisa waxaa ku yaal goob cinwaan IP ah oo goobteeda dhererku noqon karto 0, 32 ama 128 bit, sidaas darteed xayeysiis MAC kaliya ah waa waddo buuxda oo ma aha gelitaan martigeliye qaybo ka maqan. Xirmada sumadda ee xigta waxay tilmaamaysaa macnaha buundada uu MAC-daas ku nool yahay.

In goobta IP la buuxiyay waxay beddelaysaa waxa waddadu sheegayso, ma aha nooca waddada. Dherer 32 ama 128 bit ah, diraha wuxuu kaloo sheeganayaa in IP-dan ay leedahay MAC-daas gudaha hal tusaale EVPN. Dherer eber ah, diraha wax sheegasho IP ah ma sameynayo haba yaraatee. Midkoodna nooc ma sheegayo in horudhac laga gaari karo rawtar.

Nooca 5 waa waddada horudhaca IP ee RFC 9136, furaheena waa horudhac loo qoray dherer iyo intaas bit. Dhererku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 0 ilaa 32 IPv4 iyo 0 ilaa 128 IPv6.

Labada daraf ee xadkaas waa sharci, midkoodna MAC ma tilmaamayo. Horudhac dherer eber ah wuxuu sheeganayaa gaaritaan isagoon martigeliye magacaabin, halka /32 uu magacaabo hal cinwaan oo sax ah. NLRI waxay kaloo qaadaa cinwaan IP oo albaab ah oo dhinaca bixitaanku isticmaalo si uu u dhiso tusmada overlay, iyo sumad loogu talagalay macnaha gudbinta. Ma jiro goob MAC oo lagu beddeli karo, sidaas darteed qaatahu wuxuu nooca 5 u qaataa sida goob loo waddo-mariyay.

Waddada horudhaca /32 ma aha nooca 2 oo magac cusub la siiyay

Horudhacyada cabbirka martigeliyaha waa waddooyin caadi ah nooca 5. Waddada horudhaca /32 iyo nooca 2 ee isla cinwaanka waxay labaduba ku noolaan karaan hal tusaale EVPN, waxayna qaadaan macluumaad gudbin oo kala duwan.

Qaado 198.51.100.77 tusaale EVPN ah oo isticmaalaya VNI 10100. Nooca 2 waxa laga yaabaa inuu ku lammaaniyo MAC 02:00:00:00:00:77 iyo sumad aqoonsanaysa qaybta buundada halka MAC-daas laga bartay. Nooca 5 waxa laga yaabaa inuu ku dhawaaqo 198.51.100.0/24 dhammaan subnet-ka, ama 198.51.100.77/32 kaliya cinwaankaas, iyadoo cinwaan albaab ah uu tilmaamayo VTEP bixitaanka. Cinwaannada si ula kac ah ayay is dhexgalaan sababtoo ah waddooyinku waxay ka jawaabaan su'aalo kala duwan.

Hal waddo waxay sheegtaa in xiriirka dhammaadka uu jiro oo laga gaari karo buundo gaar ah. Tan kale waxay sheegtaa in horudhac laga gaari karo rawtar gaar ah, ha ahaato in dhammaadka gudihiisa waligiis la bartay iyo in kale.

Farqigaas ayaa go'aamiya halka ugu horreeya ee la eego marka gaadiidku guul-darraysto. Haddii hal martigeliye aan la gaari karin halka waddada subnet-kiisu ay fiican tahay, nooca 5 waligiis ma ahayn inuu qaado martigeliyahaas; raadi nooca 2 ee maqan. Haddii waddada martigeliyaha ay jirto laakiin subnet-ka oo dhan aan la gaari karin, hubi in nooca 5 uu weligiis abuurmay. Akhrinta goobaha si nidaamsan ayaa ka wanaagsan qiyaasidda dhererka maaskarada.

Labada waddo akhri isagoon qiyaasin

NX-OS, show bgp l2vpn evpn route type 2 iyo show bgp l2vpn evpn route type 5 waxay shaxda u qaybiyaan si sax ah khadkan, iyo show l2route evpn mac ip waxay muujinaysaa xiriirka maxalliga ah ee MAC-ilaa-IP ee ka dambeeya waddooyinka nooca 2. Junos, show evpn database waxay taxdaa xiriirka MAC iyo IP ee la bartay halka show route table bgp.evpn.0 ay muujinayso waxa la dhawaaqay oo la helay.

Ka hor intaadan gunaanad gaarin, ku shaandhee route distinguisher iyo sumadda Ethernet. Isla MAC ama horudhac waxa laga yaabaa inay ka muuqdaan dhowr tusaale EVPN, iyo waddo u eg khalad hal tusaale waxa laga yaabaa inay sax tahay mid kale.

Kadib akhri NLRI si nidaamsan: nooca waddada, furaha, goobaha albaabka ama sumadda, kadib route target-yada ku jira sifooyinka. Nooca 2 oo qaada ESI aan eber ahayn wuxuu kuu sheegayaa in MAC-da uu multi-homed yahay, qiimahaasna waa kan isku xira xayeysiisyada rawtarrada PE ee kala duwan. Nooca 5 oo qaada cinwaan albaab wuxuu kuu sheegayaa VTEP bixitaan kee ayaa qaadanaya gaadiidka.

Haddii waddo maqan tahay, ka hor codeynta hubi asalkeeda. Xaqiiji in isha ay maxalli ahaan haysato xiriirka ama horudhaca, kadibna xaqiiji in route target-ka ku xiran lagu soo dejinayo sanduuqan. Inta badan warbixinnada nooca 5 oo jaban waxay ku dhammaadaan siyaasadda soo-dejinta, ma aha qaabka NLRI.

Diiwaangeli macnaha, ma aha kaliya nooca waddada

Wada qor nooca waddada, tusaalaha EVPN, route distinguisher-ka, route target-yada la soo dejiyay iyo kuwa la dhoofiyay, iyo boodhka xiga ee la xalliyay. Nooca 2 oo aan lahayn tusaalahiisa waa madmadow, boodhka xigana oo aan lahayn qoyska waddooyinka wuxuu ku martiqaadayaa gunaanad khaldan.

Labaduba waa waddooyin EVPN xitaa marka culaysku yahay cinwaan IPv4. Qoyska cinwaanka ee ku dhex jira NLRI iyo qoyska cinwaanka ee waddada lafteeda waa sifooyin gooni ah, nooca 5na ma noqdaa waddo IPv4-unicast ama VPN-IPv4 kaliya sababtoo ah waxay qaadaa horudhac IPv4.

Farqigaas waxa uu ka muuqdaa xadka u dhexeeya dhinaca kontoroolka EVPN iyo IP-VRF. route target ayaa go'aamiya VRF kee soo dejiya horudhaca, halka cinwaanka albaabka iyo sumaddu ay go'aamiyaan sida baakadku u galmoodo dhanka bixitaanka. Ku akhri kuwaas wada, go'aanka gudbintuna ma sii ekaado mid aan sabab lahayn.

Marka xigta ee /32 ka muuqda shaxda EVPN, ka hor maaskarada hubi furaha. Furaha MAC oo leh IP ikhtiyaari ah waa xiriirka nooca 2; furaha horudhacu waa waddada nooca 5 dhererkeeda ha ahaado mid kasta. Qor route target-ka iyo boodhka xiga dhinaciisa, injineerka xigana uma baahna inuu mar kale soo saaro sheekada oo dhan.