I-dev tun ku-Windows isabonisa i-adapter ye-TAP. Ingabe lokho kuyiphutha?
I-adapter ye-TAP-Windows ngaphansi kwephrofayela ye-dev tun ivamile. Umshayeli we-Layer 3 uyiswishi yokuzikhethela, futhi ilogi yeklayenti, hhayi igama le-adapter, isho ukuthi yikuphi okugijimile.
I-Device Manager ikhombisa i-TAP-Windows Adapter V9 ngenkathi iphrofayela ithi dev tun, futhi ithungele yokusebenza iyasebenza. Leyo nhlanganisela ayilona ukuhlelwa okungalungile, futhi ukushintsha imodi phambili nangemuva ngeke kuyishintshe. Igama le-adapter likhombisa ukuthi iyiphi idrayiveri ye-Windows elayishwa yiklayenti, hhayi ukuthi ithungele yokusebenza ithwala amaphakethe ani. Funda umugqa wedrayiveri kulogi yeklayenti ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini.
Kungani ithungele yokusebenza ye-Layer 3 ithola i-adapter ye-Ethernet
Esiminyakeni eminingi yomlando we-Windows weklayenti kwakungekho i-adapter yobunzima be-Layer 3 eyayisebenziseka. Ukuphela kwenketho kwakuyidrayiveri ye-TAP-Windows, ekhombisa isixhumanisi se-Ethernet. Ngemuva kwalokho iklayenti lalingisa ukuziphatha kwe-Layer 2 okwakungekho ukuze i-Windows ikwazi ukuyihlela. Lokho kulingisa yikona okwenza i-adapter ibukeke njengekhadi lenethiwekhi.
Izingxenye ezimbili zalokho kulingisa ziyabonakala uma ubhekisisa: iklayenti liphendula i-ARP yekheli lethungele yokusebenza, futhi linikeza umshini wendawo incwadi ye-DHCP encane. Ngakho i-Windows ibona i-adapter ye-Ethernet evamile enekheli le-MAC nedrayiveri ye-NDIS, kuyilapho ithungele yokusebenza ngokwayo ithwala amaphakethe e-IP angenalutho. Izingubo ze-Ethernet zingezadrayiveri, hhayi zendlela yethungele yokusebenza.
Thola umugqa wedrayiveri esikhundleni sokwahlulela ngegama
Ama-adapter amabili angabelana ngegama phakathi kwezinguqulo zedrayiveri, ngakho igama lodwa alikwazi ukusho ukuthi yini egijimile. Ilogi yeklayenti isho idivayisi eliyivulile, futhi kuma-build amasha isho nedrayiveri eliyikhethile; lowo umugqa okufanele uwufunde.
Hlola izinto ezintathu kulogi, ngalokhu kulandelana: ingabe iklayenti livule noma iyiphi i-adapter, iyiphi idrayiveri eliyibikayo, nokuthi ingabe libuyele kwedlule ngemuva kokwehluleka. Umugqa wokubuyela kunzima ukuwubona ngoba uxhumano luyaphuma noma kunjalo, futhi ithungele yokusebenza igijima kudrayiveri endala ngenkathi umsebenzisi ecabanga ukuthi entsha iyasebenza.
Shintshela kudrayiveri ye-Layer 3, futhi uhlole ukuthi yini okufanele ibe khona
Idrayiveri ye-Layer 3 enikezwa iphrojekthi ye-WireGuard iyatholakala kusukela kunguqulo yeklayenti 2.5, kodwa iyokuzikhethela. Umyalo owodwa uyikhetha:
windows-driver wintunIdrayiveri kufanele ifakwe emshinini, futhi ama-build asemthethweni anekhophi esayiniwe. Thumela lolo shicilelo olusayiniwe uma uphakamisa iklayenti ngokwakho, ngoba idrayiveri eyakhiwe ngasese ihlangana namakhophi afakwa eminye imikhiqizo ye-VPN. Lokho kuhlangana kudala ukwehluleka okunzima ukukhomba imbangela, futhi kuvame ukuvela ngemuva kokufika kweklayenti lesibili le-VPN emshinini. Idrayiveri engekho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ishiya umugqa ocacile kulogi.
Idrayiveri futhi iphoqelela izimvume eziqinile, ngakho iklayenti lidala i-adapter ngesevisi yalo yokusebenzisana egijima njenge-akhawunti enegunya. Qala iklayenti njengenqubo evamile yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kwaleyo sevisi futhi umyalo ungase wehluleke, okushiya i-adapter eyafakwa ngaphambili ibonakala futhi kubukeka sengathi ukushintsha kwashaywa indiva.
Nini i-TAP iseyimpendulo efanele
Uma ithungele yokusebenza kufanele ithwale amafremu e-Ethernet, ithrafikhi yokusabalalisa noma amaphrothokholi angewona e-IP, kudingeka i-adapter ye-Layer 2 futhi idrayiveri ye-TAP ilandela kuleyo mfuneko. Idizayini yebhuloho ku-Windows inomkhawulo ofanayo, ngoba isixhumanisi kufanele sijoyine isizinda se-Layer 2.
Ukusebenza kahle akusona isizathu sokukhetha okukodwa kunokunye ezingeni legama le-adapter. Inguqulo 2.6 yengeza idrayiveri yokwehlisa umthwalo wesiteshi sedatha ehambisa ukucutshungulwa kwamaphakethe ku-kernel, futhi yilokho ukukhetha okushintsha izici zokudluliswa. Kuyisinqumo samakhono hhayi imfuneko yokuxhumana, futhi kuncike kubuild kanye nephakethe elifakiwe. Iphrofayela esebenza ngaphandle kwayo iyaqhubeka isebenza.
| What the tunnel must carry | Adapter family | Where it is selected |
|---|---|---|
| IPv4 and IPv6 packets | Layer-3 driver, or the older TAP emulation | Client directive plus installed signed driver |
| Ethernet frames, non-IP protocols | TAP-Windows | Profile mode and the TAP driver package |
| Higher throughput on a supported build | Data-channel offload driver | Client build and driver package, separately from the profile |
Hlanza ngemuva kokushintsha
Ukususa i-adapter endala kubalulekile njengokwengeza entsha. Isixhumanisi se-TAP esisele singagcina ikheli nomzila kusukela kuseshini edlule, futhi lezo zingeniso ziphila isikhathi eside kunoxhumano olwazidalile. Susa idivayisi endala ku-Device Manager, bese uxhuma futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ithebula lemizila ayisayikhulumi ngayo.
Uma kunemikhiqizo eminingi ye-VPN efakiwe, bhala ukuthi iyiphi iphakethe ledrayiveri elethwa yiyo ngayinye ngaphambi kokuxazulula iphrofayela. Amaklayenti amabili afaka ama-build ahlukene edrayiveri efanayo ukungqubuzana okungeke kuxazululwe yinoma yikuphi ukuhlela kwephrofayela. Khipha iklayenti elingasetshenziswa bese uqala kabusha, bese ufuna ama-adapter aphindwe kabili ku-Device Manager. Ngemuva kwalokho kuphela kunengqondo ukuqhathanisa imigqa yelogi phakathi kwemikhiqizo emibili.