dev tun ee Windows weli waxay muujinaysaa adapter TAP. Ma khalad baa?
Adapter TAP-Windows oo hoos yimaada borofayl dev tun waa caadi. Darawalka lakabka 3 waa shidde ikhtiyaari ah, diiwaanka macmiilka, ma aha magaca adapterka, ayaa sheegaya kee shaqeeyay.
Maareeyaha qalabka wuxuu muujinayaa TAP-Windows Adapter V9 halka borofaylku yiri dev tun, guntaana way shaqaysaa. Isku darkaas ma aha qaab-dhismeed khaldan, beddelka habka hor iyo dib uma beddelayo. Magaca adapterku wuxuu muujinayaa darawalka Windows ee macmiilku soo raray, ma aha baakadaha ay gunta qaado. Akhri sadarka darawalka diiwaanka macmiilka ka hor intaadan wax beddelin.
Sababta tunnel lakabka 3 u helo adapter Ethernet
Inta badan taariikhda Windows ee macmiilka ma jirin adapter macmal ah oo lakabka 3 la isticmaali karo. Xulashada kaliya waxay ahayd darawalka TAP-Windows, kaas oo soo bandhiga interface Ethernet. Macmiilku wuxuu markaas matalay dhaqanka lakabka 2 ee maqan si Windows u qaabayn karo. Matalaaddaas ayaa sababta adapterku wali ugu eg yahay kaadhka shabakadda.
Laba qaybood oo matalaaddaas ah ayaa la arkaa haddii aad fiirsato: macmiilku wuxuu ka jawaabaa ARP cinwaanka tunnelka, wuxuuna mishiinka maxalliga ah siiyaa heshiis DHCP yar. Sidaa darteed Windows wuxuu arkaa adapter Ethernet caadi ah oo leh cinwaan MAC iyo darawal NDIS, halka tunnelka laftiisu qaado baakadaha IP qaawan. Dharka Ethernet waa darawalka, ma aha habka tunnelka.
Raadi sadarka darawalka halkii aad magaca ku xukumi lahayd
Laba adapter ayaa magac wadaagi kara noocyada darawalka, sidaas darteed magaca oo keliya ma sheegi karo waxa shaqeeyay. Diiwaanka macmiilku wuxuu magacaabaa qalabka uu furay, iyo dhismayaasha cusub wuxuu sidoo kale magacaabaa darawalka uu doortay; taas ayaa ah sadarka la akhriyo.
Ka hubi saddex shey diiwaanka, sidan: in macmiilku furay adapter, darawalka uu soo sheegayo, iyo in uu dib ugu laabtay mid hore kadib guuldarro. Sadarka dib-u-laabashada waa sahlan tahay in la seego sababtoo ah xiriirku si kastaba ayuu u soo baxaa, guntaana waxay markaas ku shaqaysaa darawalka hore halka isticmaalahu u malaynayo in kan cusub firfircoon yahay.
U gudub darawalka lakabka 3, oo hubi waxa ay tahay inuu joogo
Darawalka lakabka 3 ee ay bixiso mashruuca WireGuard waa la heli karaa laga bilaabo nooca macmiilka 2.5, laakiin waa ikhtiyaari. Hal tilmaan ayaa doorta:
windows-driver wintunDarawalku waa inuu ku rakiban yahay mishiinka, dhismayaasha rasmiga ahna waxay wataan nuqul saxeexan. Bixi daabacaadda saxeexan haddii adiga aad baakadaynayso macmiilka, sababtoo ah darawal si gaar ah loo dhisay wuxuu isku dhacaa nuqullada ay rakibaan alaabta kale ee VPN. Isku dhacyadaas waxay abuuraan guuldarrooyin ay adag tahay in la aaneeyo, waxayna badanaa soo baxaan kadib marka macmiil VPN labaad yimaado mishiinka. Darawal maqan, taa beddelkeeda, wuxuu diiwaanka kaga taga sadar cad.
Darawalku wuxuu kaloo dhaqan geliyaa oggolaansho adag, sidaas darteed macmiilku wuxuu adapterka ku abuuraa adeeggiisa is-dhexgalka ee u shaqeeya sida akoon mudnaan leh. Haddii aad macmiilka ku bilowdo sidii geeddi-socod isticmaale caadi ah adeeggaas la'aan, tilmaantu way fashilmi kartaa, taas oo adapterkii hore u rakibnaa uga tagtaa mid muuqda oo u eg in beddelka la iska indhatiray.
Goorma TAP ay weli tahay jawaabta saxda ah
Haddii tunnelku waa inuu qaado frames Ethernet, taraafik baahin ama borotokollo aan IP ahayn, adapter lakabka 2 ayaa loo baahan yahay darawalka TAP-na wuxuu ka yimaadaa shuruuddaas. Nashqada buundada ee Windows waxay leedahay isla xaddidaad, maadaama interfaceku waa inuu ku biiro domain lakabka 2.
Waxqabadku ma aha sabab lagu doorto mid ka mid ah kan kale ee heerka magaca adapterka. Nooca 2.6 wuxuu ku darayaa darawal dhaqaajin kanaalka xogta ee u raraya habaynta baakadaha kernelka, taasna waa ikhtiyaarka beddela sifooyinka socodka. Waa go'aan awood ah ee ma aha shuruud isku xirka, wuxuuna ku xiran yahay dhismaha iyo baakadda rakiban. Borofaylka shaqeeya isaga la'aan ayaa sii shaqeeya.
| What the tunnel must carry | Adapter family | Where it is selected |
|---|---|---|
| IPv4 and IPv6 packets | Layer-3 driver, or the older TAP emulation | Client directive plus installed signed driver |
| Ethernet frames, non-IP protocols | TAP-Windows | Profile mode and the TAP driver package |
| Higher throughput on a supported build | Data-channel offload driver | Client build and driver package, separately from the profile |
Nadiifi beddelka kadib
Ka saarista adapterka hore waxay la mid tahay muhiimadda ku darista kan cusub. Interface TAP hadhay waxay hayn kartaa cinwaan iyo waddo kulanka hore, oo qoraalladaas waxay ka noolaadaan wax ka badan xiriirkii abuuray. Tirtir qalabka duugoobay Maareeyaha qalabka, kadib dib u xiriir oo xaqiiji in shaxda waddooyinku aysan hadda sheegayn.
Haddii dhowr badeeco VPN rakiban yahay, qor baakadda darawalka ee mid kastaa keeno ka hor intaadan borofaylka baaritaan. Laba macmiil oo rakibaya dhismayaal kala duwan oo isla darawal waa isku dhac aan wax tafatir borofayl ah xallin doonin. Ka saar macmiilka aan la isticmaalin oo dib u bilow, kadib ka raadi adapterro labanlaab ah Maareeyaha qalabka. Taas kadib oo keliya ayaa mudan in la isbarbardhigo sadarrada diiwaanka labada badeeco.