Kungani i-proxy ye-PAC ku-VM yesivakashi ihluleka nge-URL ye-host

«I-host isebenzisa le fayela ye-PAC, ngakho ngafaka i-URL efanayo ku-VM» umusho onengqondo kanye nohlelo olungaphelele. I-URL ye-PAC ikhomba kuskripthi senqubomgomo, hhayi ku-proxy. Kuze kube yilapho isivakashi sithola leso skripthi, sihlola ngamakheli aso, futhi sifinyelela noma iyiphi i-proxy eshiwo iskripthi, i-URL iwuchungechunge nje emkhakheni wezilungiselelo. Iningi lokudideka mayelana nenqubomgomo ye-proxy kumishini ebonakalayo livela ekuthatheni lowo mugqa owodwa njengayo yonke imfihlo yokuhlela.

I-URL ye-PAC iwuskripthi, hhayi i-proxy

Ifayela liqukethe umsebenzi othatha i-URL ne-host bese ubuyisela incazelo ye-proxy noma igama elithi DIRECT. Akukho lutho ku-URL olutshela uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi ithumela kuphi ugudlu; leso sinqumo senziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngaphakathi kuskripthi, ngemininingwane iskripthi esiyicela kunkundla. Ibhokisi lezilungiselelo elamukela i-URL ye-PAC lamukela isikhombi senqubo yesinqumo.

Lowo mehluko yiwona sizathu sokuthi ukukopisha i-URL kubonakale sengathi kusebenzile. Inkambu iyagcwala, isilungiselelo siyagcinwa, futhi ukwehluleka kuvela kamuva kuphela, lapho iskripthi singatholakali noma lapho sibuyisela i-proxy isivakashi esingakwazi ukufinyelela kuyo.

Izinyathelo ezine zehluleka ngesinye ngendlela ehlukile

Ngaphakathi kwesivakashi izinto ezine kufanele zenzeke ngokulandelana, futhi ngayinye inophawu lwayo lwephutha. Isivakashi sithola ifayela ye-PAC. Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlola iskripthi se-URL eceliwe ngemininingwane yasendaweni. I-proxy ekhethiwe iyaxazululwa futhi kufinyelelwe kuyo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenzeka uma i-proxy ikudinga.

Qala ngokuqinisekisa ukutholakala, ngoba ngaphandle kwako konke okulandelayo akunamsebenzi. Ifayela le-PAC kuseva eyimfihlo lidinga indlela evunyelwe eya kuleyo seva ngaphambi kokuthi noma imuphi umthetho usize, futhi ukukhetha i-proxy ngaphakathi kuskripthi esingafinyeleleki akukwazi ukwakha indlela ebingayithola:

curl -sS -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}\n' http://pac.corp.example/proxy.pac
getent hosts pac.corp.example

Uma leso sicelo sehluleka sisuka kusivakashi futhi sisebenza sisuka ku-host, inkinga iyindlela yesivakashi eya kuseva ye-PAC, hhayi okuqukethwe kuskripthi. Uma sibuyisela ifayela le-JavaScript, dlulela esinyathelweni sesibili futhi uthole ukuthi iskripthi sinquma ini ngengqikithi yesivakashi.

Iskripthi esifanayo sinquma ngendlela ehlukile ngaphakathi kwe-VM

Imisebenzi ye-PAC ingahlola i-host eceliwe nemininingwane ngomshini owenza ukuhlolwa. Umthetho owakhiwe ekhelini lika-klayenti uqobo, isibonelo lowo ohlola ikheli le-interface noma ubulungu besubneti, uzobona ikheli lesivakashi hhayi elika-host yomzimba. Ngemuva kwe-NAT ohlangothini lwe-host lezi ziyamakheli ahlukene, ngakho iskripthi esifanayo singakhetha enye i-proxy noma sibuyele ku-DIRECT ngaphakathi kwe-VM.

Lokhu akulona iphutha kuskripthi. Iskripthi senza impela lokho esasibhalelwe ukukwenza, ngenye ingeniso, futhi lokho kuchaza umbiko odidayo lapho i-host isebenzisa i-proxy khona kanti isivakashi sixhuma ngqo. Phinda usenze isinqumo esikhundleni sokucabanga ngaso: isihloli se-PAC esithatha ikheli ne-URL, uma ukusatshalaliswa kwakho kunesinye, sixazulula umbuzo ngomyalo owodwa. Uma kungenjalo hlola ngohlelo lokusebenza oluzosetshenziswa ngempela, futhi ufunde ilogi yalo ye-proxy esikhundleni sokuqagela.

Ungaphethi ngokuthi isivakashi sithole izilungiselelo ze-proxy ze-host njengefa ngoba ugudlu lwaso ludlula ekuhumusheni ohlangothini lwe-host. Ukuhumusha kwenethiwekhi kudlulisa amaphakethe; akukopisheki ukuhlelwa kohlelo lokusebenza, futhi i-proxy yohlelo iwukuhlelwa kohlelo lokusebenza.

Amathuluzi angayifundi neze i-PAC

Amathuluzi omugqa womyalo ayiwumngcele ohlukile, futhi yilapha lapho isikhathi esiningi silahleka khona. I-curl ayiwusebenzisi amafayela e-PAC, njengoba incwadi ye-proxy yayo isho ngokucacile. Ukukhomba okuguqukayo kwe-proxy ku-URL yokulanda ye-PAC akukwenzi iskripthi sibe indawo yokugcina ye-proxy; ithuluzi lizozama ukukhuluma i-HTTP nefayela le-JavaScript bese lihluleka ngendlela ebukeka njengenkinga yenethiwekhi.

Okufanayo kuyasebenza kumaphathi amaningi amaphakethe, izindawo zokusebenza zezilimi namathuluzi okwakha, avumela kuphela okuguqukayo okuyiwona we-proxy noma ukuhlelwa kwawo. Uma isivivinyo osikhathazayo siyithuluzi le-CLI, silungiselele nge-proxy eqondile ebesingayikhetha iskripthi se-PAC, futhi ubhale phansi ukuthi wafika kanjani kuleyo nketho ukuze umuntu olandelayo akwazi ukuphinda.

Ohlelweni lwedesktop ku-Linux, isilungiselelo sohlelo kufanele sibekwe kumodi ezenzakalelayo futhi sinikezwe ne-URL; i-URL egcinwe ngenkathi imodi iseyeyandla akenzi lutho. Hlola kokubili, futhi ukuhlole ngaphakathi kwesivakashi:

gsettings get org.gnome.system.proxy mode
gsettings get org.gnome.system.proxy autoconfig-url

I-DIRECT nayo iyisinqumo

Umphumela we-PAC othi DIRECT usho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza ludlula i-proxy ye-HTTP, hhayi ukuthi lubalekile enethiwekhi. Ukuxhumana okuvelayo kusengalandela umzila wohlelo lokusebenza ngomhubhe, noma kwehluleke ngezizathu ezingahlobene neze nokusetshenziswa kwe-proxy. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphumela we-proxy uchaza isicelo sohlelo olulodwa, hhayi zonke izinqubo kusivakashi.

Ngakho qinisekisa ngendlela okubhalwe ngayo imfuneko. Uma imfuneko ithi «lolu hlelo lokusebenza lufinyelela isayithi langaphakathi», qinisekisa ukuthi lolo hlelo lufinyelela, futhi ubhale ukuthi iyiphi i-proxy noma umzila okuthwele. Uma imfuneko ithi «i-VM isenethiwekhi yenkampani», isiphequluli esisebenza nge-proxy ekhethiwe siwubufakazi baleyo siphequluli futhi akukho okunye.

Lungisa uchungechunge ngaphakathi kwesivakashi esikhundleni sokucisha umhubhe we-host noma ukukhulula inqubomgomo yokudlulisa ukuze isivivinyo sidlule. Uchungechunge lunezixhumanisi ezine, futhi ushintsho olweqa esisodwa sazo luzohlala kuze kube isikhathi esilandelayo lapho iskripthi sibuyekezwa khona noma ikheli lesivakashi lishintsha.