Izindawo ezixhunywe ngebhuloho zisadinga isinqumo sokuphuma kwi-inthanethi yasendaweni
Isegimenti ye-Ethernet eyabiwe ayinqumi ukuthi iyiphi i-router esetshenziswa yiklayenti. Ehlukanisa ibhuloho kukho ukukhetha kwe-router ku-DHCP futhi wenze ukuphuma kwendawo ngayinye kube ngamabomu.
Ukunwetshwa kwe-VLAN kudlule ngokuhlanzekile: amahosthi kuzo zombili izindawo ayabonana, ukwabelana ngamafayela kuyasebenza futhi amaphrinta ayaphendula. Bese othile endaweni encane eqaphela ukuthi konke ukulandwa kusebenzisa ucingo lwe-inthanethi lwenye indawo, futhi ithikithi lifika njengesikhalo sobubanzi bendlela. Ibhuloho lenze ngqo lokho okwakuceliwe. Lathwala amafreyimu phakathi kwezakhiwo ezimbili, futhi alikaze libe nombono wokuthi iyiphi i-router okufanele lawo mafreyimu ayisebenzisele i-inthanethi.
Ibhuloho lithwala amafreyimu, hhayi izinqumo
Ukunwetshwa kwesendlalelo 2 kwenza izindawo ezimbili zibonakale njengesizinda esisodwa sokusakaza, ngakho izicelo ze-ARP, ukusakaza kwe-DHCP kanye nethrafikhi kus subnet efanayo konke kudlula emhubheni. Yilokho kuphela okukuhlinzekayo. Akukho lutho ebhulohweni oluhlola ikheli lomkhomba, oluliqhathanisa nokuxhumana okuphezulu kwendawo noma oluqondisa ithrafikhi endaweni yokuphuma eseduze. Iklayenti ngayinye isathatha isinqumo sayo sasendaweni noma sakude ngokwayo isebenzisa ikheli nemaski okwahlelwa ngayo.
Beka ama-router amabili kuleyo subnet eyabiwe futhi womabili aba amasango anengqondo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elinye lawo liseduze neklayenti elilisebenzisayo noma cha.
Iklayenti likhetha kanjani isango lalo
Isinqumo se-IPv4 esichazwe ku-RFC 1122 silula. Umkhomba ongaphakathi kwe-subnet exhunyiwe yeklayenti ufinyelelwa ngqo, nge-ARP, kanti umkhomba ongaphandle kwayo uya esangweni elizenzakalelayo elihlelwe. Yikho lokhu okwenza ithrafikhi ye-subnet efanayo phakathi kwezindawo yeqe ibhuloho ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwe-router, futhi yikho okwenza ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi incike ngokuphelele ekhelini lesango elitholwe yiklayenti. Lezi zimo ezimbili zizimele, futhi ukwabelana ngamafayela okusebenzayo kufakazela okokuqala kuphela.
Uma iklayenti endaweni encane lakhonfigwa nge-router yendawo enkulu, amafreyimu alo e-inthanethi adlula kuqala emhubheni bese aphuma lapho.
Ukushintsha umzila ozingenakalelwa wedivayisi ye-VPN uqobo akulususi isango lalelo klayenti, ngoba iklayenti aliyisebenzisi neze idivayisi njenge-router. Idivayisi futhi idinga umzila ohlukile oya kumlingani wayo okude ukuze umhubhe othwala lawo mafreyimu uhlale ukhona, futhi ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto ezimbili yikho okwenza ukunwetshwa kwebhuloho kuwisa ukuthutha kwako uqobo.
Vumela i-DHCP iveze ukuphuma okuhlosiwe
Ukukhetha 3 empendulweni ye-DHCP kunikeza uhlu lwamakheli ama-router ku-subnet yeklayenti, ngokulandelana kokuncanyelwa, futhi amaklayenti ngokuvamile athatha elokuqala eliphendulayo. Indlela yokusebenza ilungile; ubunikazi yibo lapho imiklamo iphazama khona. Bhala phansi ukuthi ukuqashwa kwangempela kunikezani endaweni ngayinye esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi iseva ye-DHCP eseduze kakhulu izonikeza isango eliseduze kakhulu.
Qhuba isabi sokwaba esisodwa esihlanganisiwe, noma ezimbili ezihlelwe ngokucacile kumgomo ofanayo, futhi unikeze umgomo umnikazi. Isabi sesibili esizimele esengezwe endaweni ekude asikhi ubusendaweni, sikha iziphathimandla ezimbili zesizinda esisodwa sokusakaza.
Ungenzi ikheli elilodwa lesango kuma-router amabili asebenza ngokuzimela ukuze kuphela izilungiselelo zezindawo zombili zibonakale zifana. Ikheli lengqondo elabiwe esegimentini enebhuloho iwumklamo wokungafiphaza kwegxatho lokuqala onezidingo zawo, futhi inguqulo eyenziwe ngesandla ikhiqiza izingxabano ze-ARP ezibonakala njengokulahleka kwamaphakethe ngezikhathi. Uma uhlelo lungadingi ngempela isegimenti yesendlalelo 2 eyabiwe, amaphrefikisi aqondisiwe ahlukene anamasango angaphakathi asezingeni alula ukuphatha futhi alula ukuchaza ngesikhathi sehlo.
Hlola izinto ezine ngokwehlukana
Cela ukubhekwa okune, hhayi okukodwa. Thatha ukuqashwa okusha kwe-DHCP endaweni ngayinye futhi ubhale phansi i-router nemaski elikutholile. Finyelela isevisi ye-subnet efanayo kwenye indawo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indlela iyibhuloho hhayi umjikelezo oqondisiwe. Landa okuthile ku-inthanethi yomphakathi endaweni ngayinye futhi uqinisekise ukuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana okuphezulu okukuthobile. Bese wehlisa umhubhe futhi ubheke ukuthi kwephuka ini, ngoba indawo elahlekelwa ukuxhumana konke lapho ibhuloho lehluleka yayithembele esangweni elikude ngaphandle kokuthi othile aqaphele.
Lezo ziphumo ezine zikutshela ukuthi unebhuloho phakathi kwezindawo, ukuphuma kwasendaweni noma ukubuyisela okungahlosiwe, futhi ukuziqoqa kuthatha imizuzu eyishumi.
Umgomo womklamo awucwebezi: ukubhuloha kunquma ukufinyeleleka, i-DHCP inquma isango, futhi ithebula lokuqondisa kudivayisi linquma umzila womhubhe uqobo. Gcina lezo zintathu ezingxoxweni ezihlukene, ngoba ushintsho olulodwa oluzama ukulungisa zontathu ngokuvamile lwephula ezimbili.