Ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-VPN eSweden: qala ngohlobo lwesevisi
Imithetho yokugcina yaseSweden ibophezela kumasevisi okuxhumana achaziwe, hhayi egameni elithi VPN. Hlola uhlaka olukhona kanye nesevisi yangempela ngaphambi kokunquma.
Indawo okubhaliswe kuyo inkampani ye-VPN ayisho lutho mayelana nokuthi yimuphi umthetho osebenza kusevisi yayo. Izibopho zokugcina zibophezela kusigaba sesevisi esichaziwe kanye nakumhlinzeki waleyo sevisi. Landela isimangalo ngokulandelana: uhlaka olukhona, ukuhlukaniswa kwesevisi, bese kuba idatha egcinwa ngempela. Ukugxuma ngqo kuphawu yikho okwenza izimpendulo zakudala zeforamu zibe ulwazi olungelona iqiniso oluzethembayo namuhla.
Qala ngenguqulo yomthetho osebenzayo
Izimpendulo ezindala ngalesi sihloko zicaphuna uMthetho Wokuxhumana Ngezobuchwepheshe waseSweden wango-2003 sengathi usewuhlelo lonke. Akunjalo. Umthetho wokwethula wango-2022 waqalisa ukusebenza komthetho oshintshayo mhla zi-3 kuJuni 2022 futhi wasusa umthetho omdala emqulwini wemithetho, washiva izinhlinzeko zesikhashana.
Lezo zinhlinzeko zesikhashana akuzona imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe. Umbuzo mayelana nezehlakalo zangaphambi koshintsho usengaphendulwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yangaphambilini, ngakho into endala ayilona ize. Ayichazi nje lokho okusebenzayo manje, futhi ukuyethula kanjalo kuduka wonke umuntu ozofunda isifinyezo kamuva. Bhala usuku nenguqulo ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uncika esifinyezweni sezomthetho.
Isiphetho esingenalo usuku yindaba engelona iqiniso enemibhalo yaphansi.
Hlukanisa isevisi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isibopho
I-PTS, isiphathimandla esilawula eSweden, ixhumanisa isibopho namabhizinisi aphethe amanethiwekhi okuxhumana omphakathi noma ahlinzeka ngamasevisi okuxhumana ngobuchwepheshe atholakalayo emphakathini, futhi angaphansi kwesaziso. Leyo ndlela yokukhuluma iwukuhlolwa kokuhlukanisa, hhayi incazelo yayo yonke inkampani edayisa ukufinyelela emhubheni. Umhlahlandlela wayo wesaziso ubheka isevisi enikezwayo ngempela, ukuthi ibhizinisi lidlulisa izimpawu yini, ubudlelwano besivumelwano nabasebenzisi, umthwalo wemfanelo kubasebenzisi labo, nokuthi isevisi iyatholakala emphakathini yini.
Amanye amasevisi e-over-the-top angaphandle kwaleyo ncazelo, futhi umhlahlandlela uwahlukanisa namasevisi okufinyelela i-inthanethi. «VPN» akusona isigaba ekuhlaziyeni; igama lomkhiqizo elihlanganisa amamodeli amabhizinisi ambalwa anobudlelwano obuhlukile nomsebenzisi.
Ngakho bhala lokho umhlinzeki othile akunikezayo. Ingabe udayisa uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, ungqimba oluphezu kwesevisi yokufinyelela yomunye, imisebenzi eyengeziwe yokuxhumana, noma inhlanganisela? Yileyompendulo, hhayi ikheli lenkampani, enquma ukuthi yiziphi izibopho ezingena emigqeni.
| Question | What it settles |
|---|---|
| What service is sold, in whose name? | Whether a notification duty is plausible |
| Who contracts with the user? | Which legal entity carries the duty |
| Is the service publicly available? | Whether the public-service limb applies |
Ukudalula nokubamba kuyimibuzo emibili ehlukene
Impahla yokugcina ye-PTS yehlukanisa ukudalula ulwazi olugciniwe ekubambeni okuqukethwe kokuxhumana. Lezi zinyathelo ezihlukene ezinezisekelo zomthetho ezihlukene, futhi isitatimende somhlinzeki esikhuluma ngokunye asiphenduli okunye. Ukuzihlanganisa kudala izimpikiswano lapho izinhlangothi zombili zichaza amandla ahlukene.
Gcina ukugcinwa okusemthethweni kwahlukile kwinqubomgomo yomhlinzeki uqobo. Yimaphi amarekhodi e-akhawunti, amathikithi okusekela noma imethadatha yoxhumano ibhizinisi eliyicubungula ngokuzithandela, futhi isikhathi esingakanani? Isiphetho mayelana nesibopho esisodwa sokugcina asifakazeli ukuthi awekho amarekhodi, futhi isiqubulo esithi «azikho izingodo» siyisimangalo sokumaketha esifanele ubufakazi obufanayo nanoma yisiphi esinye. Buza ukuthi imuphi kulemibuzo emibili isimangalo esiwuphendulayo ngaphambi kokwahlulela ukuthi impendulo iyiqiniso yini.
Hambisa umhlinzeki oyedwa emibuzweni
Cela ngokubhala ibhizinisi elisemthethweni elenza isivumelwano nawe, ukuhlukaniswa kwesevisi ekushoyo, isisekelo esishiwo sesimo saso sokugcina, izigaba zedatha eziyicubungulayo, kanye nesikhathi sokugcina salokho ngakunye. Lezo zinto ezinhlanu zenza isiqinisekiso esingacacile sibe yinto engahlolwa. Umhlinzeki ongakwazi ukusho ibhizinisi noma ukuhlukaniswa usevele wakutshela okuthile okuwusizo.
Bese uqhathanisa izimpendulo nomhlahlandlela wamanje we-PTS, hhayi neposi lebhulogi elicaphuna umthetho owachithwa ngo-2022. Lapho ukuhlukaniswa kungacacile ngempela, isiphetho esithembekile siwukuthi sidinga ukuhlolwa yi-PTS noma umeluleki waseSweden ofanelekile, hhayi ukuthi uchungechunge lweforamu lwakuxazulula.
Bhala usuku nomkhakha eceleni kwesiphetho sakho. Uhlaka selwashintsha kanye, futhi isitatimende esasilungile ngo-2021 akufanele sizulazule njengesiqinisekiso esihlala njalo.
Ekugcineni unesimangalo esingahlolwa: igunya lamanje, isevisi ehlanganisiwe, idatha edingekayo kanye nenqubomgomo yokusebenza ehlukile. Lokho kuwusizo ukudlula kokubili «wonke ama-VPN aseSweden ayabhala» noma «umthetho waseSweden awukwazi ukubathinta».