Kungani inombolo enkulu yokhiye ingayenzi i-VPN iphephe kakhudlwana

Isikhangiso sithi 256-bit, omunye umkhiqizo uthi 128-bit, futhi isiphetho sibonakala sicacile kuze kube yilapho ubona ukuthi lezi zinombolo zichaza izinto ezihlukene. Ukhiye wokubethela olinganayo, ukhiye womphakathi wesitifiketi kanye nepharamitha yokushintshana kokhiye akukalwa ngesilinganiso esisodwa. Akukho kuzo okuhlanganisa ukuthi iklayenti layiqinisekisa yini iseva nhlobo. Inombolo iwulwazi lwangempela, futhi incane kakhulu kunalokho okushiwo ukuthengisa okuzungezile.

Buza ukuthi yimuphi ukhiye obalwayo nokuthi uvikelani ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa noma yini.

Okhiye abathathu abanemisebenzi emithathu

Ukubethela kwedatha kubethela umthwalo wethubhu, futhi ukhiye wakho utholakala kabusha kuseshini ngayinye. Ukhiye womphakathi wesitifiketi ufakazela ubunjalo bendlela ngesikhathi sokuqinisekisa. Isinyathelo sokushintshana kokhiye, ngokuvamile uhlobo lwesikhashana lwe-Diffie-Hellman, sisungula imfihlo eyabiwe okungekho uhlangothi olungayakha kabusha ngemuva kwalokho. Ngakunye kunemibono yalo yamandla nemikhuba yalo yobukhulu.

Yingakho u-256 eduze kuka-2048 eduze kuka-32 abakwazi ukuhlelwa ngobukhulu; izimpendulo zemibuzo ehlukene.

Ngisho ngaphakathi kwendima eyodwa, inombolo isho okuthile kuphela maqondana nomndeni we-algorithm osetshenziswayo.

Lapho inombolo isiza khona, nalapho iphela khona

Ngaphakathi kwe-algorithm eyodwa, ukhiye omkhulu wenyusa izindleko zokusesha ngamandla angenalutho, futhi imihlahlandlela eshicilelwe ibeka ubuncane bezitshudeni zesitifiketi njengoba amandla okubala eshintsha. Lokho ukuqhathanisa okusemthethweni futhi okuncane: i-AES-128 ne-AES-256 zombili zilwisana nokuhlasela okuqondile ngokwehluka okubanzi, ngakho umehluko awuvamisile ukuba yisici esinqumayo emsebenzini.

Ngaphandle kwalokho kuqhathanisa, inombolo ayibikezeli lutho mayelana namaphutha okulungiselelwa, ukuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi noma inguqulo yephrothokholi.

Funda isethi ephelele okuxoxiswene ngayo

Lokho okusetshenziswa yisixhumanisi ngempela yisethi: imodi yokubethela, ukwakheka kobuqotho noma kokubethela okuqinisekisiwe, iqembu lokushintshana kokhiye kanye nendlela yokuqinisekisa. Imodi yesimanje ye-AEAD enokuxhawulana okulungile iyisiphakamiso esihlukile kunemodi endala ehlanganiswe ne-MAC ehlukile, ngisho nalapho usayizi wokhiye omenywe ufana.

openvpn --show-ciphers | head -20
openvpn --show-tls | head -20
openssl x509 -in server.crt -noout -text | grep -E 'Public-Key|Signature Algorithm'
wg show

Funda umphumela okuxoxiswene ngawo hhayi ubukhulu obulungiselelwe. Iklayenti elinikezela isethi eqinile lisaxhuma ngobuthaka uma iseva ikhetha inketho ebuthakathaka futhi iphrofayela ivuma. Uma ukusebenza kuyinto ekhathazayo, kukale kudivayisi nasendleleni okukhulunywa ngayo, ngoba usayizi wokhiye uyisibikezelo esibi sokudluliswa uma ukusheshiswa kwehadiwe nosayizi wephakethe kungena.

Izingxenye ezingakalwa yinoma iyiphi inombolo

Ukunakekelwa kwesofthiwe kungukweqiwa kokuqala. Ithubhu elakhiwe phezu komtapo wolwazi oyekile ukuthola izilungiso libuthakathaka kunalokho okushiwo usayizi wokhiye walo, futhi alikho inani lokulungiselela elikulungisayo lokho. Ukuziphatha komsebenzi kungokwesibili: amarekhodi okuxhumana, idatha ye-akhawunti kanye nokuphathwa kosizo kungaphandle ngokuphelele kwe-cryptography. Isevisi egcina okuningi kunalokho obukulindele ayiphephi ngokwengeziwe ngokhiye omude.

Ukuqinisekiswa kozakwethu kungokwesithathu futhi okunomphumela omkhulu kunakho konke. Iklayenti elamukela noma isiphi isitifiketi linokubethela okuqinile okugoqwe kuzakwethu ongaqinisekisiwe, okubi kunokubethela okulinganiselayo okunokuqinisekisa okulungile. Hlola lezi zinto ezintathu ngaphambi kwenombolo, futhi inombolo izothatha indawo yayo efanele.