I-router ye-4G ye-VPN: izingqimba ezintathu zokuhambisana okufanele zihlolwe kuqala

I-router ingaba nesikhala se-SIM, umsakazo we-Wi-Fi kanye nemenyu ye-VPN kodwa ibe idivayisi engalungile yoxhumano oluluhlelayo. Lezi zinto ezintathu zihlolwa ngabantu abehlukene ngobufakazi obuhlukene. Ukuhambisana kweselula kuwumbuzo we-modem namabhendi, insizakalo yeselula iwumbuzo womhlinzeki necebo, kanti ithumbu liwumbuzo wendima nenqubomgomo. Ukuqhathanisa ama-router ephepheni lezincazelo kuhlanganisa zontathu kukholamu eyodwa, futhi yikho kanye okwenza lokho kuqhathanisa kuduke.

Izingqimba ezintathu, ukwehluleka okuthathu okuhlukene

Ukuqhathanisa okusizayo kuzigcina zihlukene futhi kubuza ukuthi yisiphi isigaba umklamo wakho oncike ngempela kuso. Iklayenti eliphumayo, iseva engenayo kanye nendawo yokugcina phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili kuyizimfuneko ezintathu ezihlukene kuhadiwe elilodwa.

Shono indima ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini ohlwini olufushane, ngoba indima inquma ukuthi yisiphi sezingqimba ezintathu esingakhipha idivayisi.

Isigaba sokuqala: uhlobo oluqondile olungacelwa

Qala ngekhodi eqondile ongayicela, hhayi igama lomndeni. Imibhalo ye-Teltonika mayelana namalebula emikhiqizo iyisibonelo esihle: amakhodi ahlukene emndenini owodwa angasho amabhendi e-LTE ahlukene, i-firmware ehlukile kanye nezinsiza ezihlukene. Ilebula ichaza okufanele kuqinisekiswe, hhayi ukuthi yisiphi i-router okufanele sithengwe, futhi lowo mehluko uyinhloso yonke yalesi sigaba.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ibhokisi liqukethe i-modem oyidingayo ngempela, esikhundleni sokwamukela umbhalo waphansi mayelana nokusekelwa kwe-modem ye-USB yokuzikhethela. Ngisho ilebula evuliwe ayiphenduli yonke imibuzo yokuhambisana nomhlinzeki, ngoba ukugunyazwa nokusekelwa kwamabhendi kungamaqiniso ahlukene.

Uma isifunda nomhlinzeki kungabhalwanga kokubili ebufakazini, lesi sigaba asiqinisekisiwe.

Isigaba sesibili: lokho i-SIM ekunikeza kona ngempela

Isikhathi sedatha yeselula esisebenzayo sifakazela ukuthi i-APN iyasebenza, hhayi okunye. Icebo ne-APN kunquma ukuthi uthola ikheli lomphakathi noma ilungiselelo elabiwe nomhlinzeki, futhi leso sinqumo sishintsha lokho i-router engakwenza. Isikhala sekheli esabiwe somhlinzeki asilona uhlu lwe-IPv4 lomphakathi oluphethwe umhambi, ngakho insizakalo engenayo ayikwazi kufinyeleleka njengasemgqeni webhizinisi.

Uma i-router kufanele yamukele ukuxhumana kwe-VPN okungacelwanga, qinisekisa indawo yokungena efinyelelekayo kanye nenqubomgomo yokuhlunga esekelwa umhlinzeki. Ukudlulisa iphothi lendawo ku-router akukwazi ukulungisa i-NAT yomhlinzeki ongenhla, noma imenyu ibizwa kanjani.

Isidlulisi esigunyaziwe, noma ithumbu eliqalwa i-router liya kumlingani ofinyelelekayo, kuwukwakheka okunye hhayi indlela yokugwema. Kuqhathanise njengokwakheka.

Isigaba sesithathu: indima yethumbu oyidingayo

Kuklayenti eliphumayo, ikheli le-IPv4 lomphakathi elingashintshi alidingeki yonke indawo, ngakho ukuhlaziya kokungena okungenhla akusebenzi kukho konke ukuklama. Okusafanele kusebenze umlingani, ukuthutha okukhethiwe, imizila kanye nokuziphatha kokubuyisela ngensizakalo oyitholile ngempela. Lezi zine zingahlolwa ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa, futhi ngayinye yehluleka ngendlela ehlukile.

Qhathanisa abazongenela ngokwendima abazoyidlala: iklayenti, iseva noma kokubili. Idivayisi enhle kakhulu njengeklayenti ingaba ukukhetha okungalungile njengeserva, futhi umehluko uvame ukuba sendleleni engenayo hhayi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-VPN.

Gcina iphrofayela, indlela yokuqinisekisa kanye nenqubomgomo yamadivayisi angemuva kwe-router ekuhloleni okukodwa, ngoba zihamba nendima.

Lokho isilinganiso sesivinini esingakusho

Isigaba se-LTE nezinga le-Wi-Fi akuzona izilinganiso zokudlula kwethumbu. Izimo zomsakazo nokucutshungulwa kwesango kokubili kukhawulela umphumela, futhi umkhawulo uyashintsha uma amadivayisi amaningi angaphansi esebenza. Ithebula lokuqhathanisa elakhiwe kusukela kulezi zinombolo ezimbili lizohlela amadivayisi ngendlela engayohlula lapho ihlangabezana nomthwalo wangempela. Hlola ithumbu ngengxube yethrafikhi oyilindele, noma shono ngokucacile ukuthi awukuhlolanga.

Bese wengeza izinto zokusebenza ezinquma ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kuzophila yini: insizakalo ye-SIM, izimpondo nezinsiza, indlela yokubuyekezwa kwe-firmware, kanye nendlela yasendaweni yokuphatha isango lapho ukufinyelela kweselula kuphansi.

Ukwenza ukunakekelwa kuncike ngokuphelele kuxhumano okufanele idivayisi ilulungise yindlela yokwehluleka okufanele isuswe kumklamo. Gcina ikhonsoli noma indlela yokuphatha yasendaweni, futhi uqhathanise ama-router ngokuthi ayikuvumela yini.