Iklayenti le-Wi-Fi ne-hotspot kumradiyo owodwa: yini ephukayo

I-hotspot ye-Pi ingabonakala iphilile kuyilapho uxhumano lwayo lwe-Wi-Fi oluphezulu lumile. Funda izinhlanganisela ze-interface nemikhawulo yekhaneli yomradiyo ofakiwe ngaphambi kokusola i-VPN.

Ucingo lwakho luhlala luxhumene ne-hotspot kuyilapho uxhumano oluphezulu lungadlulisi lutho. I-Pi isabika ukuxhumana kwe-Wi-Fi, indawo yokungena isathumela izimpawu, futhi sonke isicelo siphelelwa isikhathi. Umradiyo owodwa ukhonza izindima ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi enye yazo iyawina lapho enye idinga ikhaneli. Ngaphambi kokuthinta i-VPN, thola ukuthi ngabe isishayeli nefirmware efakiwe ziyakwamukela nhlobo lokho kubhangqa kwezindima.

Uphawu lukhomba kumradiyo, hhayi kuthumbu

Bheka ukwehluleka ngokulandelana futhi kuyeke ukubonakala njengephutha lokuhambisa. Iklayenti lijoyina i-hotspot, lithola ikheli futhi lilayishe ikhasi elilodwa noma amabili. Bese kuthi i-interface yesiteshi ixhumane kabusha nomhambisi ophezulu ngemva kokuzulazula, ukuvuselela ukhiye noma ukwehla kwesiginali okufushane. Indawo yokungena iphinde iqale uphawu lwayo noma ishiye amaklayenti ayo engenandledlana, futhi ilogi ye-VPN igcwala imizamo yokuxhuma kabusha eyayingakaze ibe imbangela.

Amagama amabili e-interface awenzi imiradiyo emibili. wlan0 ne-interface yendawo yokungena babelana ngedivayisi eyodwa, umshini wokushintsha kwesimo sekhaneli owodwa nomhleli wefirmware oyedwa. I-kernel iveza ngokunembile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlanganisela zendima nekhaneli ezisekelwa yileyo divayisi, ngakho funda lolo hlu olulandelayo esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi ukubhangqa kuyasebenza ngoba zombili izinhlangothi ze-interface zikhuphukile.

Funda inhlanganisela ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini

Isigaxa esingenantambo sibika inkontileka yaso kusigaba sezinhlanganisela ze-interface zomyalo iw list. Inhlanganisela ngayinye enenombolo ibala izinombolo zamarole avunyelwe, ama-interface angaki angaba khona nezinkundla ezihlukene ezingaki ezingase zihlale kuzo lezo zixhumi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Inhlanganisela esho isiteshi esisodwa nendawo yokungena eyodwa kukhaneli eyodwa iyona edingwa yilokhu kusetshenziswa.

iw list | sed -n '/valid interface combinations/,/^$/p'

Funda izinombolo, hhayi ubukhona bamagama kuphela. Isishayeli singasekela imodi yesiteshi nemodi yendawo yokungena ngokwehlukana, kuyilapho inhlanganisela eyodwa esemthethweni yazo zombili ivumela ikhaneli eyodwa kuphela, inani elincane lama-interface noma isikhawathi sophawu i-hotspot engakwazi ukusifeza. Amanye amafirmware aphinde alahle indima eyodwa ngesikhathi sokuskena noma ukuvuselela ukhiye, okubonakala njengoxhumano oluphezulu olugudluzayo hhayi umkhawulo wamandla. Uma kungekho nhlanganisela ebalayo zombili izindima, ukubhangqa akusekelwa, noma ngabe yini isho inkinobho ye-hotspot yedeskithophu.

Idokhumenti yezinhlanganisela ze-interface ye-cfg80211 ichaza izinkambu nomkhawulo wophawu. Izindinganiso ze-adaptha eyodwa azisho lutho ngenye, ngakho gcina okukhiphayo kanye nomshini esikhundleni kokukwenza okujwayelekile.

Uhlelo lwekhaneli nekheli lunquma okunye

Indawo yokungena kufanele ihlale kukhaneli umradiyo ongayikhonza, futhi uxhumano oluphezulu lwesiteshi kufanele lulandele indawo yokungena ephezulu. Lapho lezo zinqumo ezimbili zingavumelani, indima eyodwa kufanele iqalwe kabusha. Kumadaptha amaningi omradiyo owodwa i-hotspot ngalokho ikhombisa ikhaneli yesiteshi, futhi ukushintsha kwekhaneli phezulu kwehlisa i-hotspot kanye nayo isikhashana.

Hlela uhlangothi lwe-IP ngokwehlukana nomradiyo. I-hotspot enomhambisi ivamise ukusebenzisa isubneti yangasese efana no-192.168.50.0/24 ne-Pi ku-192.168.50.1, ichibi le-DHCP ngaphakathi kwaleso subneti ne-Pi njengomdlulisi we-resolver. Imodi yokwabelana ye-NetworkManager ihlela ukudlulisela nokuhumusha amakheli kuleso subneti, kodwa ayengezi amandla omradiyo futhi ayenzi ithumbu libe ukuphela okuwukuphela kwayo. Bhala ukuthi amaklayenti ahlanganiswa yini ezingeni lesibili noma ahambiswa ezingeni lesithathu ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngenqubomgomo ye-VPN.

Ukulandelana kokuhlola okwehlukanisa umradiyo nokuhambisa

Sebenza usuka kudivayisi uye ngaphandle futhi ume esigabeni sokuqala esihlulekayo. Lokhu kufunda kuphephile kusistimu esebenzayo futhi akukushintshi ukulungiselelwa. Kugijimise ngenkathi iklayenti lixhunyiwe noxhumano oluphezulu lusekuleso simo osixazululayo.

iw dev
iw dev wlan0 link
nmcli -t -f DEVICE,STATE,CONNECTION device status
ip -br addr show
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward

Uma iw dev wlan0 link ingakhombisi kuxhumana, inkinga yomradiyo iza kuqala futhi ithumbu alibalulekile. Uma uxhumano oluphezulu luxhunyiwe futhi iklayenti lingenakho ikheli, ukuxhumeka negunya le-DHCP akulungile. Uma iklayenti linakho ikheli kodwa lingenakho ukufinyeleleka, ukudlulisela, ukuhumusha noma ukulethwa kwe-resolver akukho. Kuphela lapho kokubili indlela ye-hotspot nendlela yoxhumano oluphezulu kusebenza, ithumbu elihlulekayo liba yinto elandelayo okufanele ihlolwe.

Bhala i-adaptha, isishayeli nefirmware kanye nenhlanganisela nomthetho wekhaneli owamukelwe. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-kernel noma kwefirmware kamuva kungashintsha uhlu olusekelwayo, futhi lowo mbhalo uguqula imfihlo ibe umkhawulo owaziwayo.

Izihloko ezihlobene