Kungani i-OpenVPN ku-Windows ithi ca: indlela engenazo izicaphuno, hhayi isitifiketi esibi

OpenVPN ayiqali, futhi umlayezo wokwehluleka ukhomba umugqa obonakala ulungile: Unrecognized option or missing or extra parameter(s) in office.ovpn:42: ca. Isitifiketi asikashintshi, ifayela livuleka kusihleli, futhi akukho okubonakala kungalungile endleleni. Umhlaziyi awuphikisani negama lokukhetha; uphikisana nokuthi kungaki ukuxabana okufike nakho. Izivivinyo ezine zixazulula cishe zonke izimo ezinjalo, futhi kufanele zenziwe ngokulandelana kwezindleko.

Kungani umhlaziyi esola ukukhetha

Wonke umugqa wokumiswa uhlukaniswa ngezikhala nangezicaphuno ngaphambi kokuba noma yikuphi ukukhetha ukubone. Ngakho-ke inani elinesikhala liza njengezingxoxo eziningi uma lingagoqiwanga, futhi ukukhetha okungumnikazi womugqa kubika ukungafani. Ku-Windows ifolda yokufaka ewumgomo yenza lokho kuqiniseke, ngoba C:\Program Files isendaweni ephakathi kwendlela ngokwakheka. Kulokhu kwehluleka isitifiketi asivulwa nakanye, ngakho-ke ukuhlola ukuthi ifayela likhona akufakazeli lutho olusizo.

Inombolo yomugqa ebikiwe ivamise ukulunga, futhi ukukhetha okubikiwe yikho okusebenzise umugqa. Uma ukukhetha okushiwo kungenye oyaziyo ukuthi awukaze uyibhale, funda umugqa ongenhla, ngoba isicaphuno esilahlekile esigabeni sangaphambilini sihambisa ukuhlaziya. Yileyo ndlela isigaba sesitifiketi esigcina sisolwa ngobuningi bezingxoxo.

ca C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config\office-ca.crt

Faka izicaphuno nxazonke kwayo yonke indlela enesikhala

Ipheya elilodwa lezicaphuno ezimbili nxazonke kwenani yikho konke ukulungisa, futhi ku-Windows imigqa etshekile iyamukelwa, ngakho-ke ukweqa akusoze kwaba yingxenye yenkinga. Lungisa yonke inketho yendlela esigabeni esisodwa, ngoba umhlaziyi uyama ekwehlulekeni kokuqala futhi okulandelayo kulinda ukuqalisa kabusha okulandelayo. Iqoqo ngokuvamile lihlanganisa ca, cert, key, tls-auth ne-auth-user-pass.

ca "C:/Program Files/OpenVPN/config/office-ca.crt"
cert "C:/Program Files/OpenVPN/config/office.crt"
key "C:/Program Files/OpenVPN/config/office.key"

Ukusesha ngegama lefolda kuthola zonke izehlakalo ngokushesha kunokufunda ifayela. Kusebenzise ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlela, ukuze uhlu luphelele:

Select-String -Path .\office.ovpn -Pattern 'Program Files'

Ukuhambisa iphrofayili endleleni engenasikhala kungenye indlela evumelekile, futhi ivumelekile kuphela uma yonke indlela ihamba nayo. Iphrofayili ehambiswe ingxenye ihlela iphutha elifanayo ngegama lefayela elihlukile, okuyinto okunzima ukuyibona ngoba umlayezo manje ukhomba indlela osanda kuyenza. Khetha indlela eyodwa futhi uyiqedele.

Buyisela isimemezelo semodi ngaphambi kwezitifiketi

Isizathu sesibili esivamile sinikeza umlayezo ohlukile ngentambama efanayo emoshakele. Iphrofayili yeklayenti kufanele imemezele imodi yayo eduze nengenhla, futhi leso simemezelo silahleka kalula uma kufakwa kuphela izingxenye zezitifiketi efayeleni elisha. Ngaphandle kwaso i-OpenVPN ifunda ifayela ngeqoqo elihlukile lezinto ezimisiwe, futhi umonakalo uvela kamuva kakhulu njengokungqubuzana phakathi kwezinketho noma ukwehluleka kokungena. Umugqa ongekho ushile ukuhlola futhi uyabiza ukukhohlwa.

client
dev tun
proto udp
remote vpn.example.net 1194

Ngesikhathi ukhona, gcina umyalo owodwa kumugqa ngamunye. Imigqa ehlanganisiwe inikeza ngqo iphutha lobuningi bezingxoxo elivela esigabeni sokuqala, futhi umugqa obikiwe ubonakala unengqondo ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwenzeke lapho isihleli sehlukanisa khona umbhalo. Funda umugqa ongahluziwe, hhayi ovezwe.

Umonakalo wokubhalwa kwekhodi ubonakala njengegama lokukhetha

Ifayela eligcinwe njenge-UTF-16 kanye nophawu lokulandelana kwamabhayithi lifihla ukukhetha kwalo kokuqala kumhlaziyi, futhi amabhayithi alahlekile angaxhumana negama lokukhetha kumlayezo. Gcina ifayela njenge-UTF-8 ngaphandle kophawu lokulandelana kwamabhayithi, bese ulivula futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlamvu lokuqala uhlamvu oluvamile. Izihleli, ukuqondisa kabusha kwe-PowerShell kanye nombhalo onamathiselwe kusuka kuwindi yengxoxo konke kushintsha ukubhalwa kwekhodi ngaphandle kokubuza.

Format-Hex .\office.ovpn | Select-Object -First 1

Uphawu lokulandelana kwamabhayithi lubonakala njengamabhayithi ophawu ahamba phambili ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umbhalo, futhi ukususa lezo zinhlamvu ngesandla kuyisinyathelo sokulahlekelwa ngoba isihleli sizibhala futhi ekugcineni okulandelayo. Esikhundleni salokho gcina ifayela futhi ngokubhalwa kwekhodi okucacile. Iziphetho zemigqa zibekezelela kakhulu, kodwa ifayela elingenalo umugqa omusha ekugcineni lisengahlanganisa umyalo wokugcina nowandulelayo ngemva kokuhlelwa.

Ukuphi ukuhlola kuqala, futhi kungani

Qala ngokubhalwa kwekhodi, ngoba kuthatha umyalo owodwa futhi kwenza noma yikuphi okunye ukufundwa kwefayela kube yize. Bese kuba izicaphuno, bese kuba isimemezelo semodi neminye imiyalo ephoqelekile, futhi ngemva kwalokho kuphela izitifiketi, okhiye nezicucu zokungena. Ukusebenza ngalolo kuhlelo kugcina isinyathelo ngasinye sibuyiseka, ngoba isitifiketi esishintshiwe ukuze kulungiswe inkinga yezicaphuno sishiya ukufakwa okusebenzayo kunephutha elisha eliqhele ngokuhlelwa okubili ukusuka kokuqala. Ukulandelana kubaluleke kakhulu kunezivivinyo ngazinye.

Gcina ikhophi engathintwanga yefayela njengoba umsebenzisi wayithumela. Uma ukuhlela kwakamuva kuyilimaza, umehluko kuleyo khophi ubonisa ukuthi isicaphuno, umugqa omusha noma ibhayithi lophawu lihambile yini, okuyinto eshesha ukwedlula ukufunda iphutha futhi. Inkomba yezinketho zomyalo ngamunye isencwadini ye-OpenVPN yenguqulo efakiwe.