Kungani umthombo owodwa we-VPN usebenza kanti omunye uphela isikhathi

Insiza yangasese esebenzayo iwukulawula, hhayi isithembiso. Qhathanisa amakheli, amachweba, izigaba zempendulo kanye nobunikazi ukuze uthole okushodayo kulowo ohlulekayo.

Insiza eyodwa yangasese ilayishwa ngomhubhe kanti elandelayo iphela isikhathi, futhi isifiso siwukwakha kabusha yonke iphrofayela yeklayenti. Insiza esebenzayo iwusizo kakhulu njengokulawula kunokuba ibe yisizathu sokuqala kabusha. Iveza kuphela ukuthi indawo eyodwa, ichweba elilodwa kanye nomzila owodwa wokugunyaza kwanelisiwe, futhi akukho okunye ngale kwalokho.

Izinsiza ezimbili ezikebhekeni elifanayo zingafinyelelwa ngemindeni ehlukene yamakheli, ama-subnet ahlukene kanye nenqubomgomo ehlukene.

Hlukanisa ukugeleza okusebenzayo kulokho okuhlulekayo

Thatha insiza ngayinye njengokugeleza kwayo hhayi njengophawu lwe-VPN. Iklayenti eliyisibonelo lingavula portal.corp.example ku-172.20.4.15:443 futhi lingakwazi ukufinyelela isizindalwazi ku-172.20.9.40:5432, ngoba lezo zindawo ezimbili ezinamasethi amabili emithetho. Bhala imigqa yomibili ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, kuhlanganise ichweba neprotocol, ngoba umthetho ovumela i-TCP 443 kumsingathi owodwa awusho lutho nge-TCP 5432 kumsingathi ofanayo.

Umugqa ohlulekayo yiwona okufanele uphenywe. Umugqa osebenzayo usho kuphela ukuthi umugqa wesisekelo ukuphi, futhi uzoba yindawo yokuqhathanisa ngemva kwakho konke ukushintsha.

Qhathanisa amakheli ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa amagama

Xazulula igama ngalinye eligcwele ngomgomo osethenziswa nguhlelo ngempela, bese ubhala umndeni wamakheli owukhethile. Igama elilodwa lingabuyisela ikheli le-IPv6 kanti elinye libuyisela i-IPv4, futhi impendulo endala egcinwe kunqolobane ingathumela isicelo ekhelini lomphakathi elingenabo ubudlelwano nensiza yangasese.

ip route get 172.20.4.15
ip route get 172.20.9.40
ip -6 route get 2001:db8:60::20

Uphenyo luphendula umbuzo omncane: yimuphi umzila umsingathi ozowukhetha kuleyo ndawo, ngokusekelwe kumatafula nemithetho yenqubomgomo ekhona. Umzila we-172.20.4.0/24 awumbozi i-172.20.9.0/24, futhi umphathi wesibili wenethiwekhi noma umzila wasekhaya onokucacisa okungcono kungadlula umhubhe buthule. Phinda uphenyo ngaphakathi kwendawo yamagama noma ngophawu olusetshenziswa uhlelo lapho lezo zihluka kushelu yakho. Bhala futhi i-interface okukhayo iphuma ngayo, ngoba itafula lemizila lingasho i-interface eyodwa kanti ukuhlela ngomgomo kukhipha ukugeleza ngenye.

Umzila ohambisanayo uyisimo esidingekayo, hhayi imvume. Usho ukuthi ikhayo inendawo yokuya futhi awusho lutho mayelana nokuthi ingabe i-firewall, insiza yokugunyaza noma umsingathi uqobo uzoyamukela.

Iprotocol nesigaba sempendulo kusho ukuthi kuma kuphi

Impendulo ye-ping ayifakazi ukuthi ichweba lesizindalwazi livuliwe, futhi ikhasi le-HTTPS eliphumelelayo aligunyazi ukwabelana ngamafayela kumshini ofanayo. Bhala okwabuyayo ngempela esikhundleni sokwandlala konke ukuhluleka esigabeni esisodwa. Ukuphela kwesikhathi, ukusetha kabusha, iphutha lobunikazi be-TLS kanye nokwenqatshwa kwezinga lohlelo ngakunye kukhombisa isendlalelo esihlukile.

Umehluko ubalulekile ngoba izilungiso zihlukana. Ukuthula ngokuvamile kusho inkinga yomzila, i-firewall noma ukuhumusha endleleni. Ukusetha kabusha ngokushesha kusikisela ukuthi okuthile kwafinyelela kumsingathi futhi kwenqaba ichweba. Iphutha lesitifiketi lisho ukuthi ukuxhumana kwafika futhi igama alizange lihambisane, okuyinkinga yokumisa hhayi yokufinyeleleka. Ukwenqatshwa kohlelo kusho ukuthi inethiwekhi yenza umsebenzi wayo futhi ubunikazi benqatshwa ngemva kwalokho.

Uma umthombo ushicilelwa ngokebheke, qhathanisa ikheli lomthombo elibonwa yindawo nekhombo iklayenti lakho elicabanga ukuthi liyalisebenzisa. Isicelo esiqalwa yikebheke ngokwaso singaphumelela kanti isicelo esifanayo esivela eklayentini siyahluleka, ngoba zombili zivela kumakheli ahlukene futhi zihlangana nemithetho ehlukene.

Shintsha okuguqukayo okukodwa bese uphinda usebenzise zombili izicelo

Ubunikazi yindawo yokugcina abantu ababheka kuyo futhi yindawo yokuqala okuvela kuyo ukwenqatshwa okulungile. Ukungena kwe-VPN, iqembu lohlu lwamafayela kanye ne-akhawunti yohlelo kungubunikazi obuthathu obuhlukene obungahlukana. Ukufinyelela ingosi yokungena akusho neze ukufinyelela isizindalwazi esingemva kwayo, futhi igama kuhlu olulodwa alidali umugqa kolunye. Uma insiza ingaphandle kobubanzi obuhlosiwe bomsebenzisi, lokho kwenqatshwa yiwona uphawu lokuthi uhlelo luyasebenza.

Cela umnikazi womthombo aqinisekise ilungelo elihlosiwe esikhundleni sokwengeza umzila obanzi noma ukuvula iqembu njengokuhlola. Ukwandisa inethiwekhi ukuze kufakazelwe iphuzu yiyo indlela okuthi ngayo ukuxilonga kwesikhashana kube ukuvezwa okungapheli, futhi kucekela phansi ukulawula okuqale ngakho. Ukungafani okukodwa okubonisiwe ngokukuphindaphinda kwanele: umzila ongekho, umndeni wamakheli ongafanele, ichweba elivinjiwe noma ubulungu beqembu obungekho.

Ngemva kwakho konke ukushintsha, phinda izicelo zombili futhi ugcine imiphumela ndawonye. Uphenyo luphela lapho insiza ehlulekayo isebenza ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo yayo, kanti insiza esebenzayo nokwenqatshwa osakulindele kuziphatha ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili.

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