Kungani izimpendulo ze-DNS64 zishintsha lapho i-VPN ixhuma?

Izimpendulo ze-DNS64 zichaza ukuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi hhayi isici seseva. Isixazululi sihlanganisa ikheli le-IPv6 lisuka kuleli IPv4, futhi umphumela usebenza kuphela lapho umhumushi ehleli khona ekupheleni kwaleso siqalo. Faka i-VPN endleleni, futhi lokho kuhlelwa kungahlala, kushintshe noma kuyeke ukuba yiqiniso kuye ngezimo ezintathu.

Lezo zimo yisixazululi esiphendulile, indlela idivayisi yakho enayo eya esiqalweni esihlanganisiwe, nokuthi ingabe kukhona okuthile kuleyo ndlela okwenza ukuhumusha. Ngakunye kuyabonakala, futhi yikho okwenza ukwehluleka kuxilongeke.

Irekhodi le-AAAA elihlanganisiwe likhomba ini ngempela

Isixazululi se-DNS64 siphendula umbuzo we-AAAA wokubizo lwegama eline-IPv4 kuphela ngokufaka ikheli le-IPv4 ngaphakathi kwesiqalo esilungiselelwe ukuyisebenzisa, futhi isiqalo esaziwayo salowo msebenzi yi-64:ff9b::/96 njengoba kuchazwe ku-RFC 6147. Irekhodi libonakala kuhlelo lokusebenza njenganoma iliphi irekhodi le-AAAA, futhi yilo umqondo: iklayenti eline-IPv6 kuphela lingazama ukuxhumana lingazi ukuthi indawo eyisiqondisiso yayingenayo neze i-IPv6. Lokho kuxhumana ke kuncike emsebenzini we-NAT64 ohumusha phakathi kwemindeni emibili ndawana thize endleleni. Ngaphandle kwalowo mhumushi, ikheli elihlanganisiwe liyindawo ebukeka ithembekile kodwa engafinyeleli ndawo.

Ngakho irekhodi libhalisa izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa: ikheli langempela le-IPv4 kanye nomcabango wokuthi umhumushi uyafinyeleleka. Ukuphela kokuqala okubonakala kuyo impendulo uqobo.

Izimo ezintathu zinquma ukuthi kusasebenza yini

Isimo sokuqala ukuthi iyiphi isixazululi eyakha irekhodi, ngoba esingenayo i-DNS64 elungisiwe asibuyiseli lutho ngalelo gama futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lwehluleka ngendlela ehlukile. Okwesibili ukuthi idivayisi yakho inayo yini indlela eya esiqalweni esihlanganisiwe, ngoba impendulo ingasebenza kuyilapho indlela eya lapho ingekho. Okwesithathu ukuthi umhumushi ongumnikazi waleso siqalo usendleleni oyosebenzisa yini, ngoba umhubhe othwala u-64:ff9b::/96 kwenye indawo ufinyelela emsebenzini ohlukile noma awufinyeleli lutho. Zontathu zingasebenza ngaphambi komhubhe futhi zehluleke ngemuva kwawo, futhi yikho isibonakaliso esibukeka njengokuhlehla okungazelelwe.

Zihlole ngaleyo ndlela. Impendulo engekho nendlela engekho zibukeka zifana kusiphequluli futhi zihluke ngokuphelele kurekhodi lesixazululi.

Uma isixazululi sishintsha, impendulo iyashintsha

Iklayenti le-VPN livamise ukusunduza isixazululi saso noma sithathe yonke indlela yombuzo, futhi leso sixazululi singase singahlanganisi lutho. Imibuzo yamagama ane-IPv4 kuphela ke ayibuyiseli irekhodi le-AAAA, okuyinto iklayenti eline-IPv6 kuphela elicabanga njengegama elingakwazi ukufinyelela kulo. Kuphambene nakho kuyenzeka: isixazululi esihlanganisa ngempela singakunikeza isiqalo indlela yakho yomhubhe engayithwali.

Ukugcinwa kukashadi kwenza lokhu kube nzima ukukubona. Irekhodi elihlanganisiwe elitholwe kunethiwekhi yasehhovisi lingaphila isikhathi eside kunomongo owalikhiqizayo, ngakho iklayenti liyaqhubeka nokuxhuma ekhelini umhumushi walo ongasafinyeleleki. Bheka isixazululi esiphendula manje hhayi leso esaphendula ngesikhathi kugcinwa ingeno. Ukususa ukugcinwa kukashadi ngaphandle kokubhala impendulo endala neyintsha kucekela phansi ubufakazi obudingayo.

Hlola ukucinga nendlela ngokwehlukana

Buza igama ngqo ngaphambi kokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi bhala ukuthi iyiphi iseva ephendulile. Imiyalo engezansi ibonisa irekhodi le-AAAA, isixazululi esisetshenziswayo, nokuthi ikhona yini indlela eya esiqalweni esihlanganisiwe. Yisebenzise ngomhubhe uvaliwe bese uphinda ngomhubhe uvuliwe.

dig AAAA ipv4only.example.com +short
dig AAAA ipv4only.example.com | grep -E '^;; SERVER'
ip -6 route get 64:ff9b::c000:0216
curl -6 -sS -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code} %{time_connect}\n' --max-time 8 http://ipv4only.example.com/

Funda imiphumela njengeketanga. Irekhodi le-AAAA elingekho lisho ukuthi isixazululi esiphambi kwakho asihlanganisi, ngakho indlela ene-IPv6 kuphela ayizukusebenza kulelo gama, noma iklayenti lenza ini. Irekhodi likhona kodwa indlela ayikho lisho ukuthi isiqalo asithwalwa yindlela yamanje, futhi leso yisinqumo sokuhlela hhayi ukwehluleka kwesixazululi. Indlela ikhona kubaphendulwa isicelo kusahluleka kukhomba kumhumushi uqobo, futhi lokho kungokomunye umnikazi.

Bhala isixazululi, umongo wenethiwekhi nomndeni wamakheli eceleni komphumela ngamunye. Yilo mbhalo ovumela ukuqhathanisa okulandelayo ukuhlukanisa ukushintsha kwesixazululi nokushintsha kokuhlela.