Kungani ilebula lezwe ku-DNS lingafakazi ukuvuza kwe-VPN

Amakheli eziqazululi abukeka engaphandle avela njalo emiphumeleni yokuhlola kwe-DNS, futhi isiphetho abantu abasifinyelelayo sihlala sifana: imibuzo kumele ukuthi yaphuma ngaphandle komhubhe. Ngezinye izikhathi yaphuma ngempela. Ezikhathini eziningi umbiko uchaza ukuthi iyiphi insebenzo ephindaphindayo eyaphendula nokuthi isizindalwazi sicabanga ukuthi ikheli likuphi, futhi lokho kuyisitatimende mayelana nengqalasizinda, hhayi mayelana namaphakethe akho. Ukwehlukanisa ukubona nombono kudinga amaqiniso amathathu: ubani ophendulile, igama lahamba kanjani kanye nokuthi wamisa yiphi inqubomgomo ngempela.

Funda ukuthi ukuhlola kwabona ini ngempela

Amakhasi amaningi okuhlola asebenza ngendlela efanayo: acela iklayenti ukuthi lixazulule igama lomsingathi eliyingqayizivele bese ebheka ukuthi iyiphi isixazululi eyilitholile, noma imane ibuyisele ikheli lesixazululi elilichazayo iklayenti. Lokho kukhombisa insebenzo ephindaphindayo futhi, uma umbuzo wawuphethe ulwazi lwenethiwekhi encane yeklayenti, indawo yenethiwekhi elinganiselwe. Akufakazi ukuthi umbuzo washiya idivayisi ngaphandle komhubhe, futhi ngokuqinisekile akufakazi ukuthi kwakusetshenziswa umzila ofanayo kuyo yonke imigqa. Ukubona okukodwa kokusesha okukodwa kwenziwa kube isitatimende mayelana nakho konke ukuhamba.

Ukuhlola okubonisa ikheli lesixazululi kunenzuzo enkulu kunebheji lezwe, ngoba ikheli lingaqhathaniswa nohlu lweziqazululi iklayenti elizitholile ngempela.

i-anycast kanye nokudlulisa kuchaza iningi lezinto ezimangazayo

Iziqazululi ezinkulu zomphakathi zimemezela ikheli elifanayo ezindaweni eziningi, futhi inethiwekhi iqondisa umbuzo ngamunye endaweni eseduze kakhulu ngokomzila. Bese isizindalwazi sendawo sibopha lelo kheli endaweni eyodwa, okungaba ikheli lokubhalisa lenkampani kwelinye izwekazi noma isikhungo sedatha okungewona lowo ophendulile. RFC 4786 ihlanganisa umkhuba wokusebenza wezinsizakalo ze-anycast kanye nobunzima bokuhlobanisa ikheli elinjalo nendawo eyodwa ebonakalayo. Imephu iwukwenza lula kwesinqumo somzila, futhi yenza lula ngendlela ekhiqiza imiphumela ekhathazayo.

Ukudlulisa kwengeza ungqimba lwesibili. Isixazululi se-stub sendawo, irowutha noma isixazululi se-ISP kungadlulisela imibuzo ensizakalweni ephezulu, futhi igama elivela ekuhloleni likhombisa umsebenzi wokugcina kulolo chungechunge, hhayi owokuqala. Izandiso zenethiwekhi encane yeklayenti zingenza impendulo evela phezulu ihambisane nenethiwekhi yakho kuyilapho zenza indawo ebikiwe ibonakale njengendawo ongakaze ufike kuyo.

Ngakho-ke isixazululi esimisiwe singase sibe silungile futhi sinikeze umphumela obukeka ungowangaphandle, futhi isixazululi ezweni lakho lingaba yisona esingalungile ngoba singeselinye iqembu ongalikhethanga.

Ubani othole igama, nangamuphi umzila

Imibuzo emibili iphendula ingxenye esebenzayo: iklayenti lisebenzisa yiphi i-seva, nokuthi ingabe leyo seva ifinyeleleka ngomhubhe. Qhathanisa uhlu lweziqazululi nekheli elisemphumeleni wokuhlola ngaphambi kokuphetha ngomzila, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umbuzo okulelo kheli uphuma ngomhubhe wokuxhumana. Uma amakheli womabili ehlukile, okutholakele okuthakazelisayo ukuthi okuthile kwabhala kabusha noma kwedlula isixazululi obekuhloswe sona, futhi lokho kufanele ukubhekwa eduze kunegama lezwe.

resolvectl query example.com
resolvectl status | grep -A3 'DNS Servers'
dig +short TXT whoami.akamai.net

Umyalo wokuqala ukhombisa ukuthi iyiphi i-seva ephendule igama, owesibili ukhombisa uhlu olumisiwe kanye nobubanzi bawo, futhi owesithathu ubika ikheli lesixazululi ngendlela insizakalo yomphakathi elibona ngayo. Uma zontathu zivumelana, inqubomgomo yenza okuhloswe ukuthi ikwenze, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ilebula lezwe lithini.

Qhathanisa nenqubomgomo oyikhethile

I-VPN ephoqa isixazululi, isiphequluli esimiselwe ukusebenzisa i-DNS yaso ebotshiwe kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ethanda izilungiselelo zokuxhumana okukodwa kungase kulungile ngakunye kuyilapho kuphikisana ndawonye. Iziphequluli zesimanje zingathumela imibuzo ngokuhamba okubotshiwe kumhlinzeki okhethwe kusiphequluli, lokho okwedlula ngamabomu uhlu lweziqazululi zesistimu. Lokho akukona ukuvuza ngomqondo womhubhe ophukile; kuyinqubomgomo ekhethwe kwenye indawo, futhi ukuthola ukuthi yakhethwa kuphi kuwumsebenzi wangempela.

Amadivayisi omsebenzi engeza imithetho eqondene nesizinda: amagama angaphakathi kumele aye kusixazululi senhlangano kuyilapho konke okunye kulandela okuzenzakalelayo. Ukushintsha lokho kuhlelo ngenxa yokuthi ikhasi lokuhlola likhombise izwe elingalindelekile yiyo indlela amagama angaphakathi ayeka ukuxazululwa ngayo kulo lonke iqembu.

Gcina ukuhlola kukuncane futhi kuphephile

Ukubuza insizakalo yokuhlola yomphakathi mayelana negama lomsingathi wangaphakathi kwambula igama eqenjini elingenamsebenzi wokulibona, futhi impendulo ayikutsheli lutho okungeke kukutshele ukufunda uhlu lweziqazululi endaweni.

Esikhundleni salokho sebenzisa amagama aveza ingqalasizinda, rekhoda ikheli lesixazululi, ububanzi kanye nokuxhumana okusetshenzisiwe, bese uqhathanisa lokho kurekhodiwe nenhoso ebhalwe phansi. Ilebu elisemephini liyingqikithi yengxoxo, hhayi umphumela wokuphumelela noma ukwehluleka, futhi ukulithatha njengesinqumo kudala izinguquko zokumiswa esikhundleni sokuxilonga.