Ukuvuza kwe-DNS ku-VPN ye-Windows: kungani imethrikhi inqoba umzila

Umbuzo uphuma emshinini ufinyelela kumzila wasekhaya ngesikhathi iphakethe ngalinye lihamba ngethumbu. Isiphetho esingokwemvelo umzila ongekho, kanti umzila uvamise ukuba kahle. I-Windows ingakhetha ukuthi isixazululi sesiphi isixhumanisi esizobuzwa ngemethrikhi yesixhumanisi, futhi i-adaptha yethumbu ivamise ukwehlulwa yilesi siqhathaniso isixhumanisi esingenantambo.

Izincazelo ezimbili zokuvuza okukodwa

Incazelo yomzila ithi ingxenye yokuhamba kuyaphuma ethumbini, ngakho umzila ozenzakalelayo noma uhlu lwethumbu elihlukanisiwe kumele lube nokungalungi. Leyo ncazelo ingahlolwa ngomyalo owodwa, futhi uma umzila ozenzakalelayo ukhomba ngaphakathi ethumbini sekuqediwe. Hlola lokho kuqala ngoba kushibhile, bese ukubeka eceleni uma kubuya kuhlanzekile.

Incazelo yokuhleleka ithi ukuhamba kukhonza ngokuphelele ethumbini futhi umbuzo usathunyelwa kwesinye isixazululi. I-Windows ithatha ukukhetha kwesixazululi njengesici sesixhumanisi ngasinye esinokuhleleka, ngakho i-adaptha yomzimba enemethrikhi engcono inganikeza i-DNS yegama nanoma amaphakethe ekheli elixazululiwe ehamba ngethumbu. Zombili izincazelo zikhiqiza uphawu olufanayo ekhasini lokuhlola ukuvuza, yingakho ukuhlola kungeyona indlela yokuxilonga. Yinye kuphela yazo elungiswa ngokuhlela imizila.

Qhathanisa amamethrikhi neziphazamisi ndawonye

Bhala phansi izixhumanisi, amamethrikhi azo kanye namaseva amisiwe ngesikhathi ithumbu livuliwe. Zifunde njengothebula hhayi njengohlu olubili oluhlukene, ngoba umbuzo ukuthi isiphi isixazululi esiza kuqala, hhayi ukuthi yiziphi izixazululi ezikhona.

Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 | Sort-Object InterfaceMetric | Select-Object InterfaceIndex, InterfaceAlias, InterfaceMetric
Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | Select-Object InterfaceAlias, ServerAddresses

Uma i-adaptha yethumbu inenombolo ephezulu kune-adaptha yomzimba, isixazululi sayo asikhethwa, futhi igama langaphakathi lizoya kulokho okunikezwa uhlangothi lomzimba. Lowo mzila ungaphendula kusuka kunqolobane, udlulisele umbuzo phambili noma uwenqabe, futhi asikho kulezi zimo esiwumklamo owawuwuhlosile. Ukuhleleka kuwukukhetha, ngakho kwehlulwa buthule esikhundleni sokuveza iphutha.

I-adaptha yethumbu engenaso ngisho isixazululi esimisiwe ingenye yezinhlobo ezivamile ngokulinganayo. Iklayenti iphakamisa isixhumanisi ngaphandle kokucusumbula i-DNS, ngakho umbuzo wokuhleleka awuveli ngisho.

Phakamisa ithumbu bese uhlola futhi

Nika isixhumanisi sethumbu imethrikhi ephansi kakhulu, noma ukhuphule inani le-adaptha yomzimba, kwi-shell ephakanyisiwe. Kokubili kuyizilungiselelo zesixhumanisi ngasinye futhi kokubili kuyabuyiselwa, okubalulekile uma ushintsha umshini okungenzeka ukuthi awuhleti phambi kwawo.

Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceIndex 27 -InterfaceMetric 1
Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 | Sort-Object InterfaceMetric

Ushintsho lubonakala ngokushesha, futhi iklayenti le-DNS nabanye abasebenzisi bagcina ukukhetha abakwenzile. Xhuma kabusha ithumbu, noma qalisa kabusha, ngaphambi kokufunda noma yini emiphumeleni yombuzo. Ukuhlola okwenziwe kusenesikhathi kuzophinda ukuziphatha kwakudala futhi kubonakale njengokulungisa okuhlulekile.

Ngemva kwalokho buza igama langaphakathi nelinye lamathuba omphakathi bese uhlola ukuthi yiliphi iseva eliphendulile. I-isithenjwa esimayelana namamethrikhi azenzakalelayo ye-Microsoft ichaza ukuthi kungani inani eliphansi kakhulu likhethwa nokuthi ukwabiwa okuzenzakalelayo kutholakala kanjani.

Yenza ikwazi ukumelana nokuxhuma kabusha

Imethrikhi ebekwe ngesandla ku-adaptha edalwa kabusha kukho konke ukuxhuma iyisilungiselelo esinyamalalayo. Uma iklayenti lakha kabusha isixhumanisi, lokhu kubhala ngaphezulu kudinga iskripthi sangemva kokuxhuma, inqubomgomo noma ukuhlelwa kweklayenti okuphethe i-DNS ngesikhathi sokuxhuma.

Amaseva amiswe ngendlela engashintshi ku-adaptha yomzimba anenkinga efanayo yokuqina ngokuhlanekezela. Ayaqhubeka nokuphendula leso sixhumanisi aze asuswe, futhi i-DHCP izowagcwalisa futhi kusukela esivumelwaneni esilandelayo, ngakho ukuwasusa kuwukulinganisa hhayi umklamo. Umklamo oqinile yi-inqubomgomo yokuxazulula amagama yesikhala samagama sangaphakathi, noma iklayenti elithatha ubunikazi be-DNS isikhathi sonke sokuxhuma. Noma kungayiphi indlela, bhala phansi uhlu lweziphazamisi ngaphambi nangemva kokuxhuma kabusha, buyisela imethrikhi yasekuqaleni uma usuqedile ukuhlola, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuziphatha kwangaphambili kubuyile.