I-VPN ivuliwe futhi i-localhost ayisasebenzi: igama, iproksi noma i-bind?

Iseva yakho yokuthuthukisa iphendule emzuzwini odlule, futhi manje njengoba umhubhe ukhuphukile isicelo siphelelwa yisikhathi ngegama lehost ongakaze ulibhale. Izindlela ezimbili zichaza cishe zonke izimo, futhi ngaphandle zibukeka zifana. Isijobelelo sokusesha siguqula igama elifushane libe yigama lebhizinisi, kuyilapho iproksi ithumela ukuhanjiswa kwe-loopback kuyi-host engeke ikufinyelele. Ukuhlukanisa lezi ezimbili kudinga umbuzo owodwa futhi kusindisa umthetho wefensela owawuzobhala.

Lapho i-localhost ixazululeka yangena esigabeni sebhizinisi

Hlola ukuthi igama lixazululeka kuphi ngenkathi umhubhe ukhuphukile, bese usebenzisa umbuzo ofanayo ngomhubhe wehlisiwe futhi uqhathanise izimpendulo ezimbili. Isibonakaliso ikheli elikusigaba sebhizinisi lapho wawulindele khona i-127.0.0.1. Irekhodi elifana ne-localhost.mycompany.corp linqoba ingeno ye-loopback ngokushesha lapho iklayenti lengeza leso sijobelelo ohlwini lokusesha, futhi isicelo siya kuyi-host eyimfihlo okungekho lutho olulalelayo kuleyo port. Funda uhlu lokusesha esikhundleni sokuqagela, ngoba iklayenti lingangeza isizinda esingaphezu kwesisodwa futhi ukulandelana kunquma ukuthi yimuphi umuntu ozama kuqala:

getent hosts localhost
resolvectl domain
ss -ltnp | grep 8080

Shintsha igama lehost ngekheli elingokoqobo kuhlelo lokusebenza, kuklayenti lesizindalwazi noma ku-URL yencwadi yamanothi, bese uphinda isicelo. Uma ukwehluleka kunyamalala, wawunenkinga yokuqamba amagama futhi umhubhe wawuyisicupho kuphela. Uma kuqhubeka, umlaleli noma umzila ungumsolwa olandelayo futhi igama laliwumkhondo ongamanga.

Izilungiselelo zeproksi ezibamba i-loopback

Iproksi yesistimu esetshenziswa lapho umhubhe ukhuphuka izokwamukela isicelo esiya ku-127.0.0.1 futhi isidlulisele kuproksi ekude engazi ukuthi wawusho ukuthini. Uhlu lwezokukhipha olungenalutho luguqula isicelo sasendaweni sibe esikude, futhi umyalezo wephutha uyisho ngokungavamile. Engeza amakheli e-loopback ohlwini lwezokukhipha lwayo yonke isikhathi hhayi somyalo owodwa, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lihlonipha lokho ngaphambi kokuphetha noma yini mayelana nenethiwekhi.

Izinhlaka zezinhlelo zokusebenza zifunda izinguquko zazo zemvelo futhi ngezinye izikhathi zifunda nefayela lazo lokumisa, ngakho indlela yokukhipha esebenza kuthuluzi elilodwa ayifakazeli lutho ngokulandelayo. Iziphequluli zengeza imininingwane: iziphequluli ezisekelwe ku-Chromium zedlula iproksi kwi-loopback ngokungacaci, futhi ithokheni yokukhipha ingasusa lowo mkhuba. Hlola isinqumo sangempela seproksi esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi isethingi yesistimu yokusebenza yiyo yonke indaba. Imiyalo emibili inquma lokhu kunoma yini eqaliswa kusuka ku-shell:

curl --noproxy '*' http://127.0.0.1:8080/health
NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1 your-tool

Ikheli le-bind linquma ukuthi ubani angaxhumana

Iseva eqaliswa ku-127.0.0.1 yamukela kuphela izixhumanisi ezivela kulowo mshini, okuvame ukuba yikona okulungile kwangempela kwezokuthuthukisa. Iseva ku-0.0.0.0 iphendula kuyo yonke i-interface, kuhlanganise ne-adaptha ye-VPN, okuwukuchayeka okukhulu kunalokho iningi labantu elikuhlosile. Lapho ikheli le-loopback elingokoqobo lehluleka, hlola i-bind ngaphambi kwanoma yini enye.

Bheka isokhethi elalelayo futhi ubhale ikheli elixhunywe kulo, hhayi iphothi kuphela. Uma enye idivayisi noma ikhontheyna kufanele ifinyelele isevisi emhubheni, xhumisa ku-interface ethile ezoisebenzisa bese uvumela leyo phothi ngamabomu. Uma kuphela umshini wakho odinga lokho, gcina i-bind emincane bese ulungisa iklayenti esikhundleni sokunweba iseva. Ukudluliswa kwephothi noma isendlalelo somhubhe kungaxhumanisa kokubili, kodwa ngakunye kwengeza ingxenye ezodinga ukulungiswa kwayo kamuva.

Lapho ithuluzi lokulungisa lilindele i-LAN

Amathuluzi okulungisa anezimo ezicatshangelwayo ezephulwa umhubhe buthule. Ibhuloho lokulungisa ifoni lilahlekelwa idivayisi yalo lapho i-VPN ibamba isubneti yedivayisi, ngakho ukuxhumana kabusha ngekheli le-LAN noma ngentambo kugwema ukungqubuzana. Isikhungo sokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yesiphequluli siphelelwa yisikhathi lapho isikhungo sifinyeleleka kuphela ngeproksi, noma lapho ifensela yasendaweni ilahla iphothi layo yokulawula. Isilungisi esikude singadinga ukunyuswa kanye nekheli le-loopback lapho iklayenti liphinde labhala khona umzila.

Hlonza iphothi yokulawula nephothi yedatha ngokwehlukana, ngoba kaningi eyodwa iyasinda kanti enye ayisindi. Bese unquma ukuthi ukulungiswa kungokwemisa kwethuluzi, kungokomzila waleso subneti, noma umthetho womhubhe ohlukanisiwe. Ukuhlela ifayela le-hosts kumsheni ngamunye wonkuthuthukisi kusebenza kabi kakhulu futhi kukhohlwa kuqala. Khetha isethingi ehlala nephrofayela futhi engabuyekezwa yinoma ubani ongumnikazi womhubhe.

Ma kusigaba sokuqala esihlulekayo

Yehluka ngezigaba ezintathu: xazulula igama, vula isokhethi elibheke ekhelini elingokoqobo, bese vumela ithuluzi lakhe ukuxhumana kwalo. Isigaba ngasinye sisusa isendlalelo esisodwa, ngakho ukwehluleka kokuqala kusho isendlalelo okufanele silungiswe futhi konke okulandela kuhlala kungahloliwe. Bhala umphumela ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, ngoba ukulungiswa okusetshenziswe ngaphambi kokulinganisa akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nenhlanhla. Uma umzamo wokuqala uhluleka futhi ukuphinda kusebenza, umhubhe mhlawumbe wawungakalungi lapho ithuluzi liqala.

Shintsha ukulinda okungaguquki ngokuhlola ukulungela okulinganiselwe okulinda umzila, futhi gcina isigaba esihlulekayo kulogi ukuze umuntu olandelayo abone lapho kuma khona. Ithuluzi elizilulungisayo ngokwalo alilungisiwe, linohlanya, futhi inhlanhla iphela kumsheni womunye umuntu. Shintsha umhubhe ekugcineni, futhi kuphela kwisigaba esihluleke ngempela. Lokho kulandelana futhi kuyindlela emfushane yokubuyela ekwakhiweni okusebenzayo, ngoba kukuvimbela ukuthi wakhe kabusha ingxenye engakaze ibe nengxenye.