Vala umbono wesikhashana ngaphambi kokuba ube ngokunaphakade

Umbuyekezi ongakwazi ukujoyina i-VPN udinga isixhumanisi sasemini eyodwa, futhi kusihlwa isevisi yokukhiqiza inegama lomsingathi lomphakathi okungekho okhumbulayo ukuthi waligunyaza. Isicelo sasincane; ushintsho lwalungenjalo. Umbono wesikhashana uyindlela entsha yokufinyelela enezethameli, ububanzi bedatha kanye nesikhathi sokuphela. Phatha njenganoma yimuphi omunye umnyango, ngoba igama lesikhashana alivali lutho.

Isikhashana yisikhathi, hhayi ukulawula

Igama lesikhashana lichaza ukuthi into kufanele ibekhona isikhathi esingakanani, hhayi ukuthi iyini eyinciphisa ngenkathi ikhona. Igama lomsingathi lomphakathi elingenasiphelo liba ngokunaphakade ngaleso sikhathi lapho umuntu owadalayo eshintsha ithimba.

Ngaphambi kokuthi kudalulwe noma yini, umnikazi wesevisi kanye nomnikazi wokuphepha kufanele bagunyaze izinto ezintathu: izethameli, idatha kanye nesikhathi.

Indawo ekhona yesivakashi se-VPN noma yokubuyekeza ivamise ukuba lula kunokushicilela isevisi yokukhiqiza. Isivele inomnikazi, indlela yokugunyaza kanye nenqubo yokususa. Ukwakha ukuhlukana okusha kosuku olulodwa yiyo indlela isicelo esincane esiba yimpahla ehlala njalo ngayo. Qala ngokubuza ukuthi ukubuyekeza kungenzeka yini ngaphakathi kwento esivele ikhona.

Shicilela umsebenzi owodwa, ungalokothi ushicilele i-subnet

Khetha umnyango omncane kunawo wonke osasekela ukubuyekeza. Khetha ikhophi yokuhlola enedatha efanele esikhundleni sokukhiqiza, kanye nengaphambili eligunyaziwe elifinyelela umsuka owodwa oyimfihlo esikhundleni sanoma iyiphi indlela ye-subnet.

Isidluliseli esinokufinyelela kwe-VPN akudingeki sishicilele yonke i-subnet eyimfihlo, futhi akufanele neze sishicilele isixhumanisi sokuphatha sesango.

Qamba ama-akhawunti avunyelwe ukudlula kanye nezenzo abangazenza. Ukukhawulela nge-IP yomsuka kunciphisa ukuthi ubani angaxhuma. Kodwa akubonisi umuntu, ngoba amakheli omphakathi ayabiwa futhi ayashintsha.

Gcina ukugunyazwa kohlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo noma umnyango othembekile ngokucacile owaziyo ubunikazi. Vikela ukulanda, ama-API kanye nezindlela zokuphatha, hhayi ikhasi lokufika kuphela. Ingaphambili eliqeda i-TLS liba indawo yokugcina ethembekile, futhi indlela eyimfihlo engemuva kwayo ayenzi isivakashi somphakathi sibe yilungu le-VPN. Hlola izindlela ezikhishiwe ngokunakekela okufanayo nekhasi lokufika.

Ubunikazi bungaphambili, hhayi ekhelini lomsuka

Imithetho ye-IP yomsuka iwusizo ekunciphiseni ukuchayeka futhi ayisebenzi ekufakazeni ukuthi umbuyekezi ungubani. Izixhumanisi zasekhaya ziyashintsha, amanethiwekhi eselula abelana ngamakheli, futhi uzakwethu angaba ngemuva kwe-NAT efanayo.

I-proxy eyazi ubunikazi noma ukungena kohlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo kukunikeza isinqumo kumuntu ngamunye. Yikho okwenza ukuhoxiswa kube nokwenzeka kamuva, ngoba ungakhipha ubunikazi obubodwa ngaphandle kokushintsha inethiwekhi.

Gcina ukuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi kuvuliwe futhi uvimbe ukufinyelela okuqondile emsukeni. Uma umsuka usafinyeleleka kusukela ku-inthanethi, ingaphambili liwumhlobiso nje.

Hoxisa ilungelo kanye nendlela

Rekhoda umnikazi kanye nosuku lokuphela oluqondile kusistimu yokusebenza esevele ilandelela ukufinyelela. Sebenzisa ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ngesikhathi noma ukususwa okuhleliwe lapho ipulatifomu ikusekela khona, futhi wengeze ukuhlola uma ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kwehluleka.

Ekusipheleni okuvunyelwene ngakho, yeka ingaphambili lesikhashana, imvume yendlela kanye nelungelo lomhbuyekezi ngabomasi balo. Amaseshini akhona kanye nezixhumanisi zesikhathi eside zidinga ukwelashwa kwazo, ngoba indlela esusiwe ayizipheli.

I-DNS TTL emfushane ayikona ukuphela kokufinyelela. Ishintsha ukuthi isixazululi sigcina impendulo isikhathi esingakanani. Ayivali i-akhawunti, ayinqamuli iseshini ephilayo futhi ayivali imbobo esalalele.

Amakhophi agcinwe kucache ayingxenye yenkinga efanayo. Ukwehlisa indlela yomsuka akubuyiseli ifayela umuntu aselilondolozile, futhi icache eyabiwe ingase inikeze amakhophi ngemva kokuhamba kwesidluliseli. Khetha inqubomgomo yempendulo nokugcina ngaphambi kokuthi ukubuyekeza kuqale.

Hlola ukuthi indlela endala isihambile ngempela

Ukwamukelwa isicelo esisha esihlulekayo, kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi we-VPN ojwayelekile okusasebenza. Hlola kokubili, ngoba ukususa okwephula indlela ejwayelekile akukona ukususa okuhlanzekile.

Ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi, qinisekisa ukuthi igama nomsuka kokubili kuvaliwe:

dig +short review.example
curl -sSI --max-time 5 https://review.example/
ss -ltnp | grep ':443'

Gcina irekhodi lokucwaninga elincane mayelana nokuthi kwagunyazwa ini, ubani owayengafinyelela kukho nokuthi kwasuswa nini. Lelo rekhodi liwumehluko phakathi kokuhlukana okulawulwayo kanye negama lomsingathi elingachazwanga. Umbono wesikhashana uyaphumelela uma unikeza ukubuyekeza okuceliwe bese uyeka ukukunikeza. Ukunyamalala kwe-URL kumlayezo wengxoxo akukona lokho kuhlola.