Umbiko we-DNS we-VPN: yini okufanele ifakwe ukuze iphindwe

Umbiko we-DNS owusizo usho isigaba sokwehluleka, indlela yesixazululi kanye nempendulo eqondile. Fihla isikhala samagama, ugcine ubudlelwane obuchazayo.

«I-DNS iphukile» isiphetho, futhi akusona isiphetho umsizi angasebenza ngaso. Ingxenye ewusizo yombiko iwukuma kokwehluleka: iliphi igama, ngasiphi isixazululi, ngayiphi impendulo. Imininingwane emithathu ishintsha isikhalo sibe yinto engaphindwa, futhi yomithathu iphephile ukuyabelana ngayo uma izingxenye eziyimfihlo seziqanjwe kabusha. Okulandelayo yisilinganiso esincane umbiko we-DNS we-VPN owudingayo ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani asize.

Isigaba segama, hhayi isigwebo

Qala ngegama ngokwalo bese ulihlukanisa: elomphakathi, elangaphakathi, elifushane, eligcwele ngokuphelele, noma elisetshenziswa isijobelelo esisodwa esithile. Igama langaphakathi elehlulekayo kuyilapho amagama omphakathi exazululwa likhombisa ukukhethwa kwesixazululi, hhayi ukufinyeleleka. Uma wonke amagama ehluleka, lokho kukhombisa indlela eya kusixazululi, okuwuphenyo olunye olunobufakazi obunye. Isigaba sithwala ukuxilongwa, futhi umucu oqondile ungafihlwa.

Sho ukuthi ukwehluleka kudinga ithumbu livele livaliwe, noma kwenzeka ngemva kokunqanyulwa. Igama eliphuka kuphela lapho i-VPN isebenza likhombisa ukulungiswa kwekhonkco ngalinye, kanti eliphuka ngemva kokunqanyulwa likhombisa isimo esisele. Imibiko ivamise ukushiya lokhu bese izibuze ukuthi kungani isiphakamiso sokuqala singasizi.

Bhala indlela yesixazululi

Umbuzo othunyelwe kuseva ekhethwe ngokusobala kanye nokusesha okuvamile kohlelo lokusebenza kungamazamo ahlukene. Sho ukuthi iyiphi eyadala ukwehluleka, ngoba umbuzo womsindo kuseva esebenzayo ufakazela kuphela ukuthi iseva iyasebenza. Imiyalo engezansi ihlukanisa indlela yesistimu nombuzo oqondile.

resolvectl status --no-pager
getent hosts host.internal
dig +short host.internal @10.20.30.53

Umphumela wesimo usho amaseva ekhonkco ngalinye kanye nezizinda zomzila, okungukuthi lapho kunqunywa khona i-split DNS. Ukushaywa kwe-getent kulandela indlela efanayo nohlelo lokusebenza, kufaka phakathi ukulandelana kwe-nsswitch. Umbuzo oqondile weqa kokubili futhi uhlola iseva eyodwa ngokwayo. Bika ukuthi iyiphi kwabathathu ehlulekile nokuthi iyiphi iphumelele, futhi umfundi akasadingi ukuqagela indlela.

Sho ukuqhathanisa okulawulwayo

Shintsha okuguqukayo okukodwa bese usho ukuthi kwashintsha ini. Amagama omphakathi axazululwa kuyilapho elangaphakathi ehluleka kuyinkinga yokukhetha; wonke igama liphelelwa isikhathi kuyinkinga yendlela; futhi igama langasese elixazululeka ekhelini lomphakathi ukucwila kusixazululi esingalungile. Amabili kwalawa mathathu awahlobene nokuthi ithumbu livulekile noma cha. Umbiko othi yonke imibuzo iphukile uvamise ukuba nokuqhathanisa okungazange kwenziwe.

Hlukanisa ukuxazulula nokulethwa. Uma igama lixazululwa futhi isayithi isehluleka, isigaba se-DNS siphumelele futhi umbiko kufanele usho lokho, ngoba isinyathelo esilandelayo umzila noma isilaleli, hhayi isixazululi. Lowo mehluko owodwa uvamise ukonga umjikelo wemibuzo kunanoma yisiphi isiqeshana selogi.

Fihla isikhala samagama, gcina ubudlelwane

Amagama angaphakathi angashintshwa, inqobo nje uma ukushintsha kugcina isakhiwo. Xhumanisa iseva ngayinye nesijobelelo ngasinye kulebula ezinzile, futhi gcina leyo mephu ngaphandle kwekhophi eyabiwe. Ukushintsha yonke ingingqi yangaphakathi ngesikhala esifanayo kubhubhisa kanye ubufakazi umbiko obudingayo, ngoba umfundi akasakwazi ukubona ukuthi isijobelelo esisodwa saxazululwa kanti esinye asizange. Umthetho ofanayo usebenza nakumakheli: gcina ubudlelwane bomuva bese ushintsha izingcezu zengingqi uma inqubomgomo ikudinga.

Thumela irekhodi ngesiteshi esiqinisekisiwe futhi ushiye ngaphandle okungadingeki neze ekuxilongweni. Amaphasiwedi, okhiye abangasese namagama ezinkampani angenamhlobane akuyona ingxenye yombuzo we-DNS. Umfundi udinga isigaba sokwehluleka, indlela yesixazululi, iphutha eliqondile kanye nokuqhathanisa okukodwa okuwenzile.

Izihloko ezihlobene