Ukuhlunga kwe-DNS nge-VPN kuvimbe ukulayisha kwewebhusayithi: funda impendulo
Isixazululi esihlungayo singavimba igama elilodwa ngesikhathi umhubhe usebenza. Funda uhlobo lwempendulo, thola ukuthi isixazululi singakabani, futhi shintsha kuphela lokho okulawulayo.
Igama elilodwa lehluleka ngesikhathi umhubhe uvuliwe, futhi isiphequluli sikubiza ngokuthi iphutha lenethiwekhi, kuyilapho imbangela yangempela iyimpendulo ye-DNS eyabuyiswa isixazululi. Isixazululi esihlungayo singabamba, senqabe noma sibhale kabusha igama elilodwa futhi sishiye konke okunye ukusesha kusebenza. Umhubhe uthwala umbuzo; isixazululi sinquma impendulo. Hlola leyo mpendulo ngaphambi kokuthinta izilungiselelo zokubethela.
Umhubhe uvuliwe, ngakho ukubethela akusona isoliswa
Isimo sokuxhumana sitshela ukuthi amaphakethe ayahamba noma cha, hhayi ukuthi igama liyaxazululeka noma cha. Ukuxazulula umbuzo oya kuseva iklayenti elilungiselelwe nayo, futhi inqubomgomo lapho ingaphendula isizinda esisodwa ngendlela ehlukile kwezinye zonke. Ngasohlangothini lwesiphequluli zonke lezo zimpendulo zihlangana zibe iphutha elijwayelekile, yingakho isibani sesimo sifakaza okuncane kangaka.
Qala ngokubhala izinto ezintathu: isixazululi esisetshenziswe iklayenti, ikhodi yempendulo yegama elihlulekayo, kanye nombuzo ofanayo egameni okufanele lisebenze. Buza isixazululi ngqo nge-dig example.com @10.20.0.1 futhi ufunde umugqa wesimo, hhayi umyalezo wesiphequluli. Uma igama lokulawula lixazululeka futhi elihlulekayo libuyisa impendulo yenqubomgomo, ubufakazi buphelele. Uma kokubili kwehluleka, isihlungi asikabandakanyeki.
Izimpendulo ezine, abanikazi abane abehlukene
Isixazululi esihlungayo asinayo indlela eyodwa yokuthi cha, futhi isimo sokwenqaba sikhomba isinyathelo esilandelayo esihlukile. Bhala ikhodi yempendulo, ngoba isiphequluli sibhala kabusha zozine zibe into ezwakala njengokuxhumana okuphukile.
| Answer | What it points at |
|---|---|
| NXDOMAIN | The name is withheld: a policy entry or a zone decision removed it |
| Refused | The resolver declines to answer; usually an access or policy rule |
| Replacement address | A redirect to a block page or sinkhole you can query and inspect |
| No answer at all | Weakest evidence: reachability, load or routing, not necessarily policy |
Qhathanisa impendulo nethebula ngaphambi kokuthi ubelele umhubhe noma yini. Ukwenqaba negama elibambekile kokubili kusho ukuthi isixazululi sithathe isinqumo, kuyilapho ukuthula kusho ukuthi umbuzo awuzange uthole mpendulo. Lowo mehluko unquma ukuthi ulandela umnikazi wenqubomgomo noma indlela yenethiwekhi.
Iziphequluli ezimbili zingalandela inqubomgomo ezimbili
Isiphequluli esiletha isixazululi saso esibethelwe akudingeki sisebenzise iseva ekhishwa uhlelo lokusebenza, ngakho singayishaya indiva inqubomgomo umhubhe owakhelwe ukuyisebenzisa. Khona-ke iziphequluli ezimbili kumshini owodwa azivumelani ngegama elifanayo lomsingathi, futhi akukho noyedwa ophukile. Hlola ukuthi uhlelo ngalunye luhlobene naluphi isixazululi ngaphambi kokuthi ubize isihlungi njengokungahambisani.
Uma zombili izinhlelo zisebenzisa isixazululi somhubhe futhi kwehluleka eyodwa kuphela, umehluko usohlelweni, hhayi ku-DNS. Bhala ikheli lesixazululi ngohlelo ngalunye, ngoba leyo ncazelo iyanyamalala lapho iwindi livalwa.
Shintsha lokho okungokwakho, khuphula lokho okungekhona okwakho
Isinyathelo sakho esilandelayo sincike ekutheni isixazululi osikhombayo singakabani. Leso osisebenzisayo ngokwakho siyisici ongakwazi ukusifunda nokusilungiselela: hlola inketho yokuhlunga ebhaliwe kanye nezimo ezingafakwanga, bese uvumela lelo gama elilodwa. Leso esisebenziswa umqashi noma umhlinzeki wakho yithikithi elinesizinda, impendulo eqondile kanye nesikhathi.
Ungalokothi ushintshele kusixazululi somphakathi ukuze uphoqele ukuthi isayithi livuleke, ngoba amagama ayimfihlo ayeka ukuxazululeka futhi inqubomgomo eyenziwe ngamabomu ayeka ukusebenza. Ushintsho oluncane futhi lugcina ubufakazi bungebuhle, ukuze umnikazi aqhathanise umbiko wakho namarekhodi akhe. Ngemva koshintsho, phinda ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kohlelo esikhundleni sokusesha kusuka ku-shell.
Ikhasi lokuvimba akusona isitifiketi esithembekile
Ikhasi elishintshayo eliveza isitifiketi salo lizokhipha isixwayiso sobunikazi be-HTTPS, futhi ukuhlanjululwa akusenzi leso sitifiketi sisebenze. Ungachofozi kulo ngoba umhubhe uvuliwe; isixwayiso yisinqumo sokwethemba esihlukile okusamele sibe silungile.
Ukuxilongwa kuvalwa lapho igama elihlulekayo libuyisa impendulo yenqubomgomo futhi igama lokulawula libuyisa ejwayelekile ngesixazululi esifanayo. Ngaleso sikhathi ukulungisa ukushintshwa kwenqubomgomo, hhayi komhubhe, futhi embikweni ucishe RFC 1035 amakhodi empendulo. Gcina womabili amagama nezimpendulo ndawonye; yiyo yonke indaba.