I-VPN ixhunyiwe kodwa ayikho i-inthanethi? Hlola izingqimba ezine

Iklayenti lithi ixhunyiwe, isiphequluli siyazungeza, futhi yonke ingosi iphetha ngokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Leyo nhlanganisela ivamile futhi ayiwona umphikiswano: ixhunyiwe kusho ukuthi umhubhe uxoxisene, futhi akukho okunye. Ukuxazululwa kwamagama, umzila kanye nokuphuma kweseva uqobo kuyahluleka ngakunye ngendlela yako, futhi ngakunye kunomnini ohlukile. Hamba ezingqimbeni ngokulandelana futhi ume kuleyo yokuqala ehlulekayo.

Qala ngenethiwekhi ovela kuyo

Yehlisa umhubhe ngesilawuli sokuqamuka seklayenti uqobo, bese uzama izingosi ezimbili ze-HTTPS ezingahlobene uma inqubomgomo ivuma. Shiya umsebenzi obucayi uvaliwe phakathi naleso sivivinyo. Uma nokufinyelela okuvamile kwehluleka, i-VPN akuyona umsoliswa wokuqala.

Bheka isixhumanisi se-Wi-Fi, umzulazuli kanye nanoma yiliphi ikhasi lesango elifuna ukungena ngemvume ngaphambi kokuthinta umhubhe. I-kill switch ingavimba ukuhanjiswa ngenkathi unqanyuliwe ngokomklamo, ngakho landela inqubo yayo yokuhlola ebhaliwe esikhundleni sokuphetha ngokuthi inethiwekhi ifile. Enye inethiwekhi ethembekile iyisilinganiso esiwusizo, futhi ukuphuma kwe-VPN okusha ngeke kuqedele ukungena kwehhotela okuphelelwe yisikhathi. Uma inethiwekhi evulekile isebenza kanti umhubhe awusebenzi, inethiwekhi ayinacala futhi ingqimba elilandelayo ngeyakho.

Nquma ukuthi ukwehluleka kungukuxazululwa kwamagama yini

Bhala umbhalo wephutha, ngoba ukwehluleka kokuxazulula, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nesixwayiso sesitifiketi kukhomba ngakunye kwenye indawo. Iphethini okufanele ibanjwe kusenesikhathi iwukuthi igama lomsingathi ongakaze ulivakashele liyahluleka ngenkathi uhlelo olunesikhathi esivulekile luqhubeka. Leyo phethini imayelana nokusesha okusha, hhayi ukuthi umhubhe uthwala amaphakethe yini. Ukusesha okukodwa kukhombisa lokho okubuyiswa isixazululi, futhi kuthatha isekhondi elilodwa. Zama negama lesibili, ukuze impendulo eyodwa egciniwe noma irekhodi elilodwa elonakele kunganqumi ukuxilongwa.

nslookup example.com

I-IP engafunwa kubha yekheli le-HTTPS akuyona isivivinyo se-DNS, ngoba isitifiketi kanye nomsingathi wobuqili ngokuvamile kuncike egameni. Amagama angaphakathi angadinga isixazululi senhlangano esikhundleni sokufaka esikhundleni somphakathi, futhi isiphequluli esinesixazululi saso esiphephile singaphendula ngendlela ehlukile kunosesho lohlelo lokusebenza. Lapho kokubili kungavumelani khona, isixazululi sesiphequluli yiso esihlangabezana naso umsebenzisi, futhi lowo mehluko ungowethikithi.

Umhubhe ogcwele noma ama-subnet enkampani kuphela

Amaphrofayela athile akhona kuphela ukuze afinyelele ama-subnet ambalwa enkampani; amanye akhelwe ukuthwala konke futhi adinga ukuphuma okusebenzayo ngemuva kwawo. Funda injongo ebhaliwe ngaphambi kokucabanga ukuthi isibonisi sihlanganisa uhlelo ngalunye kanye nomndeni ngamunye wamakheli. Iphrofayela yenethiwekhi yangasese ingasebenza ngqo njengoba yakhelwe ngenkathi isiphequluli, okwakungafanele sisebenzise lena, sisahluleka. Funda ithebula lemizila ngaphandle kokulishintsha, futhi ufake i-IPv6, ngoba umzila we-IPv4 osebenzayo awusho lutho ngomunye umndeni.

Umzila oqondile kakhulu ungawina ngenkathi umzila ozenzakalelayo usakhona, yingakho ithebula kufanele lifundwe hhayi kucatshangwe. Ama-adaptha wobuqili ancintisanayo nawo angaba nokuhanjiswa obukulindele kwenye indawo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokufakwa nokukhohlwa kweklayenti lesibili le-VPN. Ungasusi umzila ozenzakalelayo njengesivivinyo; lokho kuguqula ukuxilongwa kube ukuphazamiseka kwesibili.

Ingosi eyodwa ehlulekayo phakathi kwezisebenzayo iyinkinga yaleyo ngosi, futhi ikhombisa nokuthi umhubhe uthwala ukuhanjiswa. Ukuma okuvela kuphela ekudlulisweni okukhulu kukhomba usayizi wephakethe hhayi ukufinyeleleka.

Lapho iseva ingalokothi idlulise lutho

Uma yonke indawo okubhekiswe kuyo ihluleka kumadivayisi amabili nasenethiwekhi ezimbili zokungena, umhubhe uphezulu futhi ukuphuma akudlulisi. Yilowo mbhangqwana ohlukanisa ukwehluleka ohlangothini lweseva nedivayisi eyodwa emiswe kabi endaweni eyodwa. Thumela kumqhubi imibuzo yokudlulisa, i-NAT kanye nomzila wokubuya, hhayi isithombe sesibonisi.

Lokho kuthathu kuhlanganisa iningi lezimbangela ohlangothini lweseva, futhi ukuphendula kuwumsebenzi womqhubi. Ikhasi lokuxazulula izinkinga zoxhumano lwe-OpenVPN lihamba imibuzo efanayo kusukela ohlangothini lweseva, ngakho dlulisa kanye nethikithi. Isithombe sesibonisi esiluhlaza asiphenduli neyodwa yazo.

Hlola ilogi yeklayenti ngemuva kokungena ukuze uthole ukwehluleka kokusebenzisa imizila, izilungiselelo ze-DNS noma i-adaptha yobuqili. Amaphutha kuleso sigaba akhomba idivayisi hhayi iseva. Iphutha elingalokothi livele kulogi nakho kunolwazi olulinganayo, ngoba lihambisa ukusola ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Hlola ingqimba eyodwa ngesikhathi

Lapho usushintshe okuthile, xhuma futhi futhi uphinde ngqo uhlelo olwehlulekile. Ikhasi elilodwa elilayishayo likhombisa okuncane kunomzila ophindwayo oya ezinsizeni iphrofayela eyakhelwe zona. Imiyalo emibili ihlukanisa ukuxazulula nokufinyeleleka, futhi eyesibili incike kumsingathi. Gijima umugqa we-curl noma kuphi, bese ugijima umyalo womzila ohambisana nomsingathi ophambi kwakho.

curl -sS -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 5 https://example.com
route print -4          # Windows
ip -4 route show        # Linux
netstat -rn | head      # macOS

Uma isicelo sezinombolo sisebenza kanti igama alisebenzi, hlala ku-DNS. Uma kokubili kungasebenzi, qhathanisa ithebula lemizila nalokho okulindelekile okuzenzakalelayo komhubhe, futhi uhlole umndeni owuvivinya ngempela. Uma umzila ulungile kanti isicelo sisafa ekuphumeni, umbuzo osele ungowomqhubi, futhi ubufakazi obugcinile yibo okuyithikithi.