Ithrafikhi yeklayenti le-VPN nesimo se-firewall: ukugeleza kwangaphandle nokwangaphakathi
Ukugeleza komhubhe nokuxhumana okuqaqambile kungamaphakethe ahlukene. Nquma ukuthi iwukuphi ovumelayo, nokuthi ingabe wonke umngcele ulandelela isimo.
I-handshake ye-VPN iyaphela, iklayenti lithola ikheli, kanti insiza engemuva kwe-gateway isenqaba ukuxhumana. I-firewall ivamise ukwenza kahle lokho eyatshelwa kona. Ivumele ukugeleza kwangaphandle komhubhe, okuyiphakethe elihlukile ekuxhumaneni kohlelo okuqaqambile. Kulandela izinqumo ezimbili: iwukuphi ukugeleza okuvumelayo, nokuthi ingabe umngcele ulandelela isimo nhlobo.
Kuze kube uhlukanisa lezi ezimbili, ngakunye ukushintsha komthetho kuwukuqagela.
I-firewall ibona amaphakethe amabili ahlukene
Ngaphambi kokuqaqamba, i-firewall ibona ithrafikhi eqondiswe endaweni yokugcina ye-VPN: ukugeleza kwe-UDP kwangaphandle okuya kumlaleli. Ngemuva kokuqaqamba, iphakethe elidluliswayo liphethe ikheli langaphakathi leklayenti nendawo yensiza.
Imvume yokugeleza kwangaphandle ayigunyazi ukuxhumana kwe-TCP okudluliswayo. Kungahlolwa emaketangeni ahlukene, ezinkundleni ezahlukene nasekhelini ezahlukene ngemuva kokuhumusha.
Qhathanisa izithwebuli ezisuka ezindaweni ezilinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili. Isithwebuli emaphethelweni omhubhe nesithwebuli kuseva kukhombisa ama-tuple ahlukene esikhathi esifanayo.
Isinqumo sokuqala: ukuvumela umhubhe noma insiza
Uma iklayenti lidinga indawo yokugcina ye-VPN uqobo, imvume yangaphandle ingase yanele. Uma lidinga insiza engalé kwe-gateway, udinga imvume yokudlulisa yaleyo ndawo kanye naleyo port. Umthetho womhubhe ovumela nensiza uyisinqumo sedizayini okufanele usiqambe ngokusha, hhayi ingozi.
Gcina ububanzi beklayenti nendawo yensiza buncane. Imvume esuka kunethiwekhi encane yomhubhe iya kuyo yonke i-LAN isinqumo sokuthemba wonke umhambi, hhayi indlela emfushane yohlelo olulodwa.
Bhala imithetho yomibili ngokwehlukana. Umthetho womhubhe nomthetho wensiza yehluleka ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi kulungiswa ngobufakazi obuhlukene. Uma owodwa wehluleka, uyazi ukuthi yiluphi ungqimba okufanele luhlolwe kuqala.
Isinqumo sesibili: nesimo noma ngaphandle kwesimo kumngcele ngamunye
Umthetho wokugeleza okusunguliwe ungavumela izimpendulo zokushintshana okuvunyelwe, kodwa ukuziphatha kwawo kuncike kumkhiqizo. Iqembu lezokuphepha lefu lilandelela isimo ngokuvamile; uhlu lokulawula ukufinyelela lwenethiwekhi encane ngokuvamile alunalandleli isimo futhi ludinga ukuphathwa okucacile ezinhlangothini zombili. Ungacabangi ukuthi wonke umngcele osendleleni uphatha isimo ngendlela efanayo. Bhala wonke umngcele futhi uwumake ngesimo noma ngaphandle kwaso ngaphambi kokuba udizayine imithetho.
Uma umthetho ushintsha, ukugeleza okulandelelwayo okukhona kungaqhubeka kusebenza kuyilapho okusha kwehluleka, noma okuphambene. Lowo mehluko uyisikhombisi esiwusizo, hhayi isizathu sokukhipha sonke isimo sokuxhumana kwi-gateway esebenzayo.
Hlola ngesicelo esisha esilawulwayo futhi uhlole izibali ezifanele. Ukuhlolwa okuhlanzekile kungcono kunokusetha kabusha okuphazamisayo. Bhala igama lesibali kurekhodi loshintsho ukuze ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kusebenzise ubufakazi obufanayo.
Qinisekisa indlela yokubuya ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo efanayo
Thumela isicelo esisha sisuka eklayentini siya ensizeni, bese uhlola izibali zokuya nokubuya kumngcele ngamunye. Qinisekisa ukuthi impendulo isebenzisa indlela oyilindele, ikakhulukazi uma kuhilelekile ukuhumusha.
Gcina ububanzi beklayenti obuhlosiwe nendawo yensiza buncane, futhi uqinisekise indlela yokubuya ngaphansi kwesethi yemithetho efanayo eyavumela isicelo. Umthetho osebenza kuphela ngoba ukugeleza kwakudala kusavuliwe awuwona umthetho osebenzayo.