Hlola ukuthi umhubhe ohlukanisiwe uyasebenza: umphumela owodwa we-IP awulona uvivinyo

Bhala ukuthi yikuphi ukugeleza okufanele kusebenzise umhubhe nokuthi yikuphi okufanele kuhlale kuqondile, bese uhlola izinhlangothi zombili, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-DNS kanye nesimo sokwehluleka.

Ikhasi elilodwa lesiphequluli elibonisa ikheli le-IP alilifakazeli cishe lutho umhubhe ohlukanisiwe. Ikheli elibonakalayo lingaba yilona elilungile ngesizathu esingalungile, futhi ukugeleza okukhishiwe akukaze kuvivinywe ngalo. Bhala umphumela olindelekile ngaphambi kokuvivinya: yiluphi uhlelo noma umkhombandlela okufanele usebenzise umhubhe, yikuphi okufanele kuhlale kuqondile, nokuthi yini okufanele ime lapho umhubhe wehluleka. Ngaphandle kwalelo hlelo, noma iyiphi inombolo ekholakalayo ibonakala iyimpumelelo.

Inganekwane: ukusesha ikheli kufakazela ukumboza

Ukuhlolwa kwe-IP kuphendula umbuzo owodwa: umhlaba wangaphandle ubona ini kusuka kuhlelo olulodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Akusho lutho ngesiqalo sangaphakathi, iphrofayela yesibili yesiphequluli noma igama okufanele lixazululwe ngasese. Akusho lutho futhi ngesehluleki, futhi leyo ingxenye yomklamo womhubhe ohlukanisiwe ephuka ekukhiqizeni.

Ikhasi lekheli nalo alikwazi ukubonisa umzila, isixazululi noma inqubomgomo yokwehluleka. Lithathe njengokuqaphela okukodwa, hhayi njengesinqumo.

Hlola ukugeleza okufakiwe nokukhishiwe

Thumela isicelo esingenabungozi kusuka kuhlelo okufanele lufakwe, noma kusiqalo osilindele ukuthi sidlule emhubheni, futhi bhala umthombo, umkhombandlela, umndeni wamakheli nomzila oqashelwe. Yenza okufanayo kokugeleza okufanele kuhlale kuqondile. Uhlangothi olukhishiwe yilolo abantu abalwele, futhi bawubona kuphela ubufakazi bokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwe ngamabomu hhayi ngengozi. Inqubo eyisiza ingase ithwale ubunikazi benqubomgomo obuhlukile, ngakho vivinya enqubeni ephethe isokhethi.

flow: Firefox to intranet.example:443, IPv4, source 10.8.0.6, tunneled
flow: Firefox to 1.1.1.1, IPv4, source 192.0.2.20, direct

Yingakho uvivinyo kuhlelo olungalungile lungabonisa okuphambene nalokho okuhlosiwe umklamo. Bhala izinkambu ezine ezinhlangothini zombili ngaphambi kokuthatha isiphetho.

Engeza i-DNS nesimo sokwehluleka

Buza isixazululi sohlelo kanye nesixazululi esisetshenziswa uhlelo, bese uqhathanisa lezo zimpendulo nekheli lokuphuma elibikwa isizindalwazi. Izendlalelo ezimbili zingase zingavumelani ngamabomu, futhi ukusesha okukodwa kwesiphequluli akuluvivinyi unqubomgomo wohlelo lokusebenza. Ishuxu yenza ukuqhathanisa kuphindwe: Phula umhubhe ngamabomu, bese wenza isicelo isiphequluli esingasigcinile; ikhasi elinikezwa kusuka kusilondolozi alikutsheli lutho ngokuthi uhambo oluyisipele lwahamba ngaluphi uhlangothi. Bhala okwenzeke ngempela esikhundleni salokho okwabikezelwa umklamo.

curl -s https://ifconfig.me
nslookup intranet.example

Umhubhe ohlukanisiwe ohluleka uvaliwe kanye nohluleka uvulekile babukeka befana kuze kube yilapho uphula umhubhe ngamabomu. Bhala okuziphatha okuqashelile, hhayi lokho obukulindele.

Phinda ngemva kokushintsha kwesimo

Phinda lokho kuqaphela ngemva kokuxhumeka kabusha, ukushintsha kwenethiwekhi kanye nokubuyekezwa kohlelo okuhambisanayo. Ukukhishwa okugciniwe kungase kuqhubeke kukhomba emzileni noma kubunikazi bohlelo obungekho, futhi umklamo uthula uyeke ukuhambisana nemibhalo yawo. Lezo zigameko ezintathu yizindawo lapho imihubhe ehlukanisiwe ishelela khona, futhi ngayinye ishibhile ukuyivivinya futhi. Uvivinyo olusebenza kanye kuphela ekusetshenzisweni luchaza ukucushwa okungekho.

Uma umphumela uhluka, thola umnikazi womthetho nesigaba sokucubungula ngaphambi kokushintsha izilungiselelo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukushintsha izinto ezinhlanu nokuqaphela umphumela owodwa akusona ukuxilonga, ukucushwa okusha.

Umphumela kufanele usungule ini

Xhumanisa lokho kuqaphela nenqubomgomo kanye nenguqulo yeklayenti oyivivinye ngempela. Umgomo uwukubonisa ukuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa kuhambisana nokumboza okukushoyo, hhayi ukuthi yonke inhlelo yesikhathi esizayo iyoba yeyimfihlo. Lokho kuyisimangalo esincane kakhulu, futhi yisona ongasekela ngobufakazi ngempela. Bhala isimangalo, inguqulo kanye nemiphumela yezinkambu ezine kurekhodi loshintsho.

Khona-ke umbuyekezi olandelayo angakwazi ukusho ukuthi washintsha umklamo noma uvivinyo. Umhubhe ohlukanisiwe uqinisekiswa lapho izinhlangothi zombili, ukuhlukaniswa kwesixazululi kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka kuhambisana nalokho okwabhala ekuqaleni. Umphumela owodwa we-IP awuqinisekisi lutho kwalokho.

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